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Two Competing Models of Activism, One Goal: A Case Study of Anti-Whaling Campaigns in the Southern Ocean Anthony L.I. Moffa 37 Yale J. Int'l L. 201 (2012)

This Comment is divided into four parts. Part I will describe the problem presented by international whaling and provide a historical context of the industry, its relatively recent regulation, and specific actions concerning Japanese whaling in the Southern Ocean. Parts II and III will draw on this case study to illustrate the competing models of activism--protest and interventionist--and highlight the demonstrated advantages of and drawbacks to each. Part IV will lend insight into the implications of permitting each model.

Article
Two Major Flaws of the Animal Rights Movement Geordie Duckler 14 Animal Law 179 (2007)

Separate from its vulnerability to criticism by those politically opposed, a call for legal rights for animals is without justification on the very two pillars on which such a claim presumes to found itself—the precepts of law and of science. The claim’s inherent weaknesses are revealed in the use of terms that are inapplicable given both the way that legal rules work as a practical matter and the current level of our scientific knowledge about animals themselves. This article confronts these two core defects of the animal rights paradigm and seeks to shed the light of law, science, and reason on what seems to be an unreasonable, nonscientific, and yet ill-critiqued phenomenon.

Article
Two night monkeys are sitting on top of a soiled corrugated pipe serving as a nest Slideshow Images
Two night monkeys are sitting on top of what appears to be a hideout covered with feces Slideshow Images
TX - Alligators - Chapter 65. Alligators V. T. C. A., Parks & Wildlife Code § 65.001 - 104 TX PARKS & WILD § 65.001 - 104 Under these Texas statutes, no person may take, sell, purchase, or possess an alligator, an alligator egg, or any part of an alligator without a permit. An offense is a misdemeanor. Statute
TX - Animal Regulation - § 215.026. Animals at Large V.T.C.A., Local Government Code § 215.026 Tex. Loc. Gov't Code Ann. § 215.026 (West) This statute gives municipalities in the state of Texas to establish and regulate pounds and the running at large of horses, mules, cattle, sheep, swine or goats. The statute also allows municipalities to handle the capture, impounding, and sale of any animal at large that is in violation of this statute. Municipalities may also impose penalties on the owner of the animal that is in violation of the statute. Statute
TX - Assault, sexual of animal - § 21.09. Bestiality V. T. C. A., Penal Code § 21.09 TX PENAL § 21.09 This law represents Texas' prohibition on bestiality, which was enacted in 2017. A person commits this offense if he or she engages in listed contact with an animal. Additionally, a person violates this law if he or she: possesses or provides an animal for such purpose; organizes, promotes or participates in such conduct; permits such conduct at premises under his or her control; engages in conduct listed described in the presence of a child younger than 18 years of age; or advertises, offers, or accepts the offer of an animal with the intent that the animal be used in this state for conduct described. Violation is a state jail felony unless the conduct is done in the presence of a child younger than 18 or the conduct results in serious bodily injury or death of the animal; the offense is a felony of the second degree in those cases. Statute
TX - Assistance animals - Assistance Animal/Guide Dog Laws V. T. C. A., Government Code § 661.910; V. T. C. A., Human Resources Code § 121.002 - 009; V. T. C. A., Penal Code § 42.091; V.T.C.A., Penal Code § 38.151; V. T. C. A., Transportation Code § 552.008 - 010; V. T. C. A., Health & Safety Code§ 437.023; TX GOVT § 661.910; TX HUM RES § 121.002 - 008; TX PENAL § 38.151; TX TRANSP § 552.008 - .10; TX HEALTH & S § 437.023; TX OCC § 2402.112 The following statutes comprise the state's relevant assistance animal and guide dog laws. Statute
TX - Breeder - Chapter 802. Dog or Cat Breeders. V. T. C. A., Occupations Code § 802.001 - 251 Under the Texas Dog or Cat Breeders Act, a person may not act as a dog or cat breeder without a license. Facilities must be inspected at least once every 18-months, and inspectors must notify the law enforcement if they discover evidence of animal cruelty or neglect. This Act also establishes a dog or cat breeder training and enforcement account that can be used for promoting consumer awareness of this chapter, and supporting education, training, and enforcement efforts. Statute
TX - Breeders - Chapter 91. Dog or Cat Breeders Program 16 TX ADC §§ 91.1 to 91.202 Tex. Admin. Code tit. 16, §§ 91.1 to 91.202 These are the regulations for the Texas Dog or Cat Breeder Act. Administrative

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