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Title Authorsort descending Citation Summary
Overview of the Migratory Bird Treaty Reform Act (MBTRA) Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Legal & Historical Center

This overview discusses the recent amendment to the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA). Under a bill introduced in May of 2004, all bird species not considered "native" to the United States would be excluded from protection. This new law, known as the Migratory Bird Treaty Reform Act, has been the center of much controversy, especially as it concerns the cause of mute swans in the U.S. It became law on December 8, 2004, as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2005.

Sale of Companion Animals by Breeders and Retailers Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Legal & Historical Center

This article explores the remedies available to purchasers of diseased or otherwise unfit cats and dogs. The relevant state statutes are discussed as well as general contract principles under Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code.

Detailed Discussion of Assistance Animal Laws Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Legal & Historical Center

This discussion examines the federal service animal provisions under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the relevant states. In doing so, states' equal access, criminal interference, and white cane laws are examined in addition to other laws.

Species at Risk Act (SARA) Summary and Press Release Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Legal & Historical Center

This page provides a summary of the recent Species at Risk Act legislation passed in Canada in December of 2002. The act, set to come into force in 2003, seeks to protect those species deemed to be endangered, threatened or "at risk" from extinction or extirpation as well as habitat critical to the survival of those species.

FAQs on Emotional Support Animals Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Legal & Historical Center On September 17, 2025, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) formally withdrew two key guidance documents that housing providers relied upon to evaluate requests for service and assistance animals. These documents were FHEO Notice 2013-01 ("Service Animals and Assistance Animals for People with Disabilities in Housing") and FHEO Notice 2020-01 ("Assessing a Person's Request to Have an Animal as a Reasonable Accommodation Under the Fair Housing Act"). According to HUD's memorandum, the withdrawal was part of a deregulatory initiative aimed at reducing compliance burdens and ensuring that guidance does not exceed what federal statutes actually require. The agency stated that the withdrawn guidance "should not be enforced or otherwise relied upon by the Department or stakeholders" and has removed these documents from the HUD.gov website. This Q and A part of this document are for historical purposes only and do not reflect current federal interpretation of federal law.
How to Search for Your Municipality's Animal-Related Ordinances Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Legal & Historical Center

This document briefly explains how one may search for electronic versions of his or her municipality's animal control ordinances over the Interent.

Overview of Municipal Animal Control Ordinances Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Legal & Historical Center

This overview discusses the power of municipalities to enact ordinances. It then highlights some common subjects for animal care and control within municipal codes.

Detailed Discussion of Virginia Great Ape Laws Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Legal & Historical Center

This discussion analyzes the laws relevant to the possession of great apes in Virginia. The paper examines categories of individuals who possess great apes including persons using them as pets, exhibitors, zoos, sanctuaries, and research facilities.

FAQ: Can I sell an old fur made from an endangered animal? Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Legal & Historical Center

Dear Animal Legal & Historical Center,
FAQ on Service Animals and Air Travel Rebecca F. Wisch This is a short explanation of the law and regulations related to service animals on U.S. commercial airlines.

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