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Displaying 5871 - 5880 of 6638
Title Authorsort descending Citation Summary Type
Overview of Trainer Responsibility for Racehorse Breakdowns in New York Cynthia F. Hodges Animal Legal and Historical Center

This legal summary contends that trainers should be held criminally liable when racehorses break down under the New York anti-cruelty statute, Agriculture and Markets Law § 353. This section prohibits anyone from unjustifiably overdriving, torturing, injuring, or killing animals. By racing unfit horses, the trainers are not only withholding medical care, but are causing pain and further injury to the horses, which is cruel under the statute. Knowingly racing an unfit horse meets the definition of “cruelty” under § 353, and a guilty trainer should be held to account.

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Detailed Discussion of State Animal "Terrorism"/Animal Enterprise Interference Laws Cynthia F. Hodges Animal Legal & Historical Center

State animal terrorism laws have been enacted to protect agricultural research and production. The laws prohibit acts that obstruct, impede, or disrupt agricultural operations, research, or experimentation conducted at an animal facility. A person who violates a state animal terrorism law may be charged with a misdemeanor or a felony, face a stiff fine and prison term, and may be required to pay restitution. Opponents of such laws argue that they may violate state and federal constitutional rights.

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Brief Summary of the Equine Activity Liability Act Cynthia F. Hodges Animal Legal & Historical Center

Many states have enacted EALA, which limits equine professionals’ liability for injury or death to equestrian participants. EALA only limits liability if the injury or death had been due to an inherent risk involved with interacting with horses. EALA does not limit liability if the injury or death had been caused by a non-inherent risk or caused by the equine professional’s own negligence.

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Assistance Animals Cynthia Hodges

Brief Summary of Assistance Animals Laws
Cynthia Hodges, J.D., LL.M., M.A. (2010)

 Topical Introduction
State and Federal Disaster Planning Laws and Pets Cynthia Hodges

Brief Summary of State Emergency Planning Laws for Animals
Cynthia Hodges, J.D., LL.M., M.A.  (2011)

 Topical Introduction
Overview of State Emergency Planning Laws for Animals Cynthia F. Hodges Animal Legal & Historical Center

Since 2005, major changes have been made to federal and state emergency planning laws with respect to animals. State laws require emergency plans to include steps to be taken during a disaster, including evacuation, rescue and recovery, shelters and tracking.

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Detailed Discussion of the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act Cynthia F. Hodges Animal Legal & Historical Center

The Humane Methods of Slaughter Act (HMSA) is federal legislation that requires that only humane methods of slaughtering and handling livestock in connection with slaughtering be used. Before being shackled, hoisted, thrown, cast, or cut, livestock animals must be rendered insensible to pain by being gassed, electrocuted, or shot in the head with a firearm or captive bolt stunner. HMSA does not apply to birds or animals killed in ritual slaughter, and lacks a general enforcement provision.

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Brief Summary of State Animal Enterprise Interference Laws Cynthia F. Hodges Animal Legal & Historical Center

State animal terrorism laws have been enacted to protect agricultural research and production using animals. The laws prohibit acts that obstruct, impede, or disrupt agricultural operations, research, or experimentation conducted at an animal facility. A person who violates a state animal terrorism law may be charged with a misdemeanor or a felony, face a stiff fine and prison term, and may be required to pay restitution. Opponents of such laws argue that they may violate state and federal constitutional rights.

Article
Endangered Species Act (ESA) Cynthia Hodges

Brief Summary of the Endangered Species Act (ESA)
Cynthia Hodges, J.D., LL.M., M.A. (2010)

 Topical Introduction
Brief Overview of Trainer Responsibility for Racehorse Breakdowns in New York Cynthia F. Hodges The Animal Legal and Historical Center

This brief summary presents reasons why trainers should be held criminally liable when racehorses break down under the New York anti-cruelty statute, Agriculture and Markets Law § 353. This section prohibits anyone from unjustifiably overdriving, torturing, injuring, or killing animals. By racing unfit horses, the trainers are not only withholding medical care, but are causing pain and further injury to the horses, which is cruel under the statute. Knowingly racing an unfit horse meets the definition of “cruelty” under § 353, and a guilty trainer should be held to account.

Article

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