Results
| Title |
Author |
Citation | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resurrecting the International Whaling Commission: Suggestions to Strengthen the Conservation Effort | Adrienne M. Ruffle | 27 Broklyn J. Int'L. 639 (2002) |
One of the failures of the IWC is the inability to punish infractions. The United States has unilaterally enacted two pieces of legislation intended to augment the enforcement power of the IWC through import and fishing sanctions against countries who violate the regulations set forth by the IWC. These unilateral amendments have failed in the protection of whales. |
| Tuna Dolphin Wars: Conservationists are Fighting to Save Beleaguered Dolphins from Deadly Tuna Nets | Dick Russell | Defenders of Wildlife (www.defenders.org) |
The article discusses the history of the tuna and dolphin story, beginning with an explanation of the nets and techniques used to catch tuna, the development of laws to protect dolphins, and the dolphin-safe tuna issue. |
| DOLPHIN-SAFE TUNA: THE TIDE IS CHANGING | Kristen L. Stewart | 4 Animal L. 111 (1998) | Ms. Stewart reviews the history of the tuna-dolphin controversy in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. She explores international agreements and U.S. law that mandate dolphin-safe tuna fishing practices. Finally, Ms. Stewart reviews the steps taken by the United States, including embargoes against other countries’ tuna, to force tuna-fishing nations to use dolphin-safe practices. |
| Detailed Discussion of Dolphin Drive Hunts | Lauren Tierney | Animal Legal & Historical Center |
This article discusses the method of dolphin drive hunting, particularly in Japan, and the conventions and agreements that may potentially provide the best protection for dolphins from these hunts. It also discusses the welfare issues surrounding the hunting methods and the Japanese cultural interest in maintaining the hunts. |
| Detailed Discussion of Laws Concerning Orcas in Captivity | Lauren Tierney | Animal Legal & Historical Center |
This discussion focuses on the use of orca whales in captivity and the laws and regulations that govern such use. It then analyzes the legal issues these facilities face as a consequence. Specifically, this article examines the application of regulations associated with the Animal Welfare Act, Marine Mammal Protection Act, and the self-regulation of aquatic animal parks and zoos. It then concludes by examining some actual case studies involving captive whales. Finally, the future of orcas in captivity is discussed with both the pros and cons of housing these creatures. |
| Biological Overview of Orcas | Lauren Tierney | Animal Legal & Historical Center |
This summary contains information on the biology of orcas (killer whales). The social structure of pods is discussed as well as the whale's diet. |
| Biological Summary of the Dolphin | Lauren Tierney | Animal Legal & Historical Center |
This paper gives a brief biological summary of the dolphin. The dolphin is a mammal and member of the Delphinidae family. |
| Brief Summary of Laws Concerning Orcas in Captivity | Lauren Tierney | Animal Legal & Historical Center |
This summary discusses the laws that concern orcas (killer whales) housed in capivity. |
| Dolphin Protection and the Marine Mammal Protection Act Have Met Their Match: The General Agreements of Tariffs and Trade | Joseph J. Urgese | 31 Akron L. Rev. 457 (1998) |
This article explores the conflict between conservation and the policy of free trade. The author concludes that the Tuna/Dolphin cases represented the inevitable clash between two laudable goals- environmental protection and free-trade. Resolution of this conflict and future conflicts can only come from the incorporation of both of these objectives into one global regime. |
| Reviewing The Marine Mammal Protection Act Through a Modern Lens | Bradley Varner | Animal Legal & Historical Center | This paper will focus primarily on examining the Marine Mammal Protection Act and provide a review of its major provisions that were established to protect those species who heavily rely on oceanic and freshwater ecosystems. The first section will outline the original Marine Mammal Protection Act created in 1972 and what pertinent language set the foundation for what is still in play today. The second section will look at the 1994 amendments and revisions to the 1972 Act, looking at the added and clarified language in the face of growing concerns for the Act’s enforcement. The final section frames the current situation of the MMPA. This section will also consider two species, the polar bear and manatee, and relevant MMPA rules for both terrestrial marine mammals and aquatic marine mammals. Scientific studies have explained climate change impacts marine mammals in four tiers, intertwining broad effects with species-specific ones. Over the last 50 years, the MMPA has done wonderful things to protect marine mammals especially when it comes to working in tandem with the 1973 Endangered Species Act. The MMPA has protected population stocks of some of the most important marine mammals but may not be as effective in protecting those species when faced with the rapid development of climate change and subsequent effects on habitats. |