Results
Title | Author | Citation | Summary | Type |
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Horse Racing and Trainer Liability | Cynthia Hodges |
Brief Summary of Trainer Responsibility for Racehorse Breakdowns in New York
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Topical Introduction | |
Brief Summary of Ordinances for Pet Number Restrictions | Cynthia F. Hodges | Animal Legal & Historical Center |
Some cities and towns have attempted to address pet nuisance issues by limiting the number of pets a person can own. These laws are sometimes challenged by pet owners because the laws impact pet owners’ property rights. However, courts usually uphold the laws if they are rationally related to protecting the public health, safety, and welfare. |
Article |
Detailed Discussion of the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act | Cynthia F. Hodges | Animal Legal & Historical Center |
The Humane Methods of Slaughter Act (HMSA) is federal legislation that requires that only humane methods of slaughtering and handling livestock in connection with slaughtering be used. Before being shackled, hoisted, thrown, cast, or cut, livestock animals must be rendered insensible to pain by being gassed, electrocuted, or shot in the head with a firearm or captive bolt stunner. HMSA does not apply to birds or animals killed in ritual slaughter, and lacks a general enforcement provision. |
Article |
Equine Activity Liability | Cynthia Hodges |
Brief Summary of Equine Activity Liability Acts (EALA)
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Topical Introduction | |
Brief Summary of Laws on Assistance Animals | Cynthia F. Hodges | Animal Legal & Historical Center |
State and federal laws prohibit discrimination against disabled people who rely on service animals. Such laws try to protect the rights of disabled people and safeguard their service animals from harm. The penalties for violating these laws include fines, restitution, and imprisonment. |
Article |
Assistance Animals | Cynthia Hodges |
Brief Summary of Assistance Animals Laws |
Topical Introduction | |
The Cracking Facade of the International Whaling Commission as an Institution of International Law: Norwegian Small-Type Whaling | Brian T. Hodges | 15 J. Envtl. L. & Litig. 295 |
This article discusses the fact that the International Whaling Commission has not expressly recognized the Makah tribe's aboriginal subsistence need, and instead has intentionally left the issue ambiguous. The only viable reason for the IWC to deny the Norwegians a quota under the same exemption is the "aboriginal" requirement. The IWC should clarify the legal ambiguities regarding the right to harvest whales, and it should grant subsistence right to Norwegian coastal fishermen. |
Article |
State and Federal Disaster Planning Laws and Pets | Cynthia Hodges |
Brief Summary of State Emergency Planning Laws for Animals |
Topical Introduction | |
The Link: Cruelty to Animals and Violence Towards People | Cynthia Hodges | Animal Legal & Historical Center |
The article explores the connection between cruelty to animals and human violence. In particular, it examines animal abuse perpetrated by adolescents as a predictor of later human violence. |
Article |
Trainer Responsibility for Racehorse Breakdowns in New York | Cynthia F. Hodges | The Animal Legal and Historical Center |
Trainers should be held criminally liable when racehorses break down under the New York anti-cruelty statute, Agriculture and Markets Law § 353. This section prohibits anyone from unjustifiably overdriving, torturing, injuring, or killing animals. By racing unfit horses, the trainers are not only withholding medical care, but are causing pain and further injury to the horses, which is cruel under the statute. Knowingly racing an unfit horse meets the definition of “cruelty” under § 353, and a guilty trainer should be held to account. |
Article |