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Detailed Discussion of Montana Great Ape Laws Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Legal & Historical Center The following article discusses Great Apes law in Montana. Mississippi law directly regulates Great Apes by a law that bans the importation and possession of certain wild animals deemed "inherently dangerous." In addition, the state also addresses Great Apes in its general anti-cruelty law as well as its endangered species provisions. While the state of Montana controls possession and importation of “exotic wildlife” by law, great apes are not specifically identified or addressed. Instead, Montana regulates the possession of great apes by administrative regulation and reference to the federal endangered species list. In the regulations, great apes are specifically defined as a "prohibited species " meaning they “may not be possessed, sold, purchased, exchanged, or transported in Montana, except as provided. . .”. In addition, Montana law addresses the commercial use of great apes in what it terms, “roadside menageries,” where animals are kept in captivity for the purpose of exhibition or attracting trade. Like other states, Montana does not define Great Apes as "endangered," either under its own endangered species law or accompanying regulation. It does, however, cover them by reference to federal law. Finally, great apes are covered under the state’s anti-cruelty law. However, the law contains a number of exempt categories including scientific research and teaching. Article
Brief Summary of Veterinary Malpractice Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Legal & Historical Center

This article provides an overview of the elements of a veterinary malpractice case, possible defenses to such an action, and issues related to professional licensing of veterinarians.

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Detailed Discussion of the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Law Legal and Historical Center

This article explores the history and text of the BGEPA. It further examines the relevant legal issues spawned by the Act, including free exercise challenges by Native Americans, the abrogation of treaty rights, commerce in eagle parts, and requisite intent for criminal prosecution under the Act.

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Detailed Discussion of Utah Great Ape Laws Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Legal & Historical Center The following article discusses Great Ape law in Utah.Utah does not have a law dealing with great apes, but addresses use and possession through regulations issued under the authority of the state’s Wildlife Resources Code. Additionally, only some great apes are protected under Utah’s anti-cruelty laws. The law prohibits both affirmative acts of cruelty such as torture or unjustified killing, and the failure to provide necessary food, water, care, or shelter for an animal in the person's custody. Exceptions to the definition of “animal” exclude those animals owned or kept by a AZAA accredited zoological park or temporarily in the state as part of a circus or traveling exhibitor licensed by the USDA. Article
Overview of the Migratory Bird Treaty Reform Act (MBTRA) Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Legal & Historical Center

This overview discusses the recent amendment to the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA). Under a bill introduced in May of 2004, all bird species not considered "native" to the United States would be excluded from protection. This new law, known as the Migratory Bird Treaty Reform Act, has been the center of much controversy, especially as it concerns the cause of mute swans in the U.S. It became law on December 8, 2004, as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2005.

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FAQ: Dogs Transported in Pickup Truck Beds Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Legal & Historical Center This FAQ explores the few states that address dogs or other animals riding unsecured in the back of pickup trucks. Article
2021 Statutory Amendments Table Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Legal & Historical Center This table details the animal-related legislative changes that occurred across all fifty states in 2021. Links are provided to the amended laws and a summary of the change appears in the adjacent column. Topic Table
Table of 2011 Amendments to Animal Laws Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Legal & Historical Center

This table provides a topic overview of laws passed or amended in late 2010/2011. Links to the text of the amended laws are provided.

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Dog Leash Laws Rebecca Wisch

Brief Summary of State Dog Leash Laws
Rebecca F. Wisch (2004, updated 2012)

Topical Introduction
Brief Summary of Breed Specific Laws Rebecca F. Wisch Animal Legal & Historical Center

This article provides a brief summary of breed-specific legislation and the legal challenges to such laws.

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