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Detailed Discussion of North Dakota Great Ape Laws Erin Furman Animal Legal & Historical Center The following article discusses Great Ape law in North Dakota. Generally, in North Dakota, if a person obtains the correct license, he or she can keep an ape as a pet, an exhibitor, a zoo, or for any other non-prohibited purpose.The state board of animal health has categorized great apes as nontraditional livestock. In order to possess nontraditional livestock, including a great ape, a private owner must first obtain a license.Finally, great apes are generally protected from intentional abuse and neglect under the state’s anti-cruelty law. Great apes receive very limited protections under Montana’s endangered species law. Article
Overview of Gray Wolf Legal Challenges from 2005 to the Present Erin Furman Animal Legal & Historical Center

Since 2005, the gray wolf's status on the Endangered Species List has been caught in an ongoing legal battle between environmental groups and the federal government. In some regions of the country, the gray wolf remains listed under the Endangered Species Act as endangered. In other regions, the gray wolf has been downlisted to threatened or completely delisted.

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Detailed Discussion of New Hampshire Great Ape Laws Erin Furman Animal Legal & Historical Center The following article discusses Great Ape law in New Hampshire. In the state of New Hampshire, there is no specific law that contains an outright ban on private ownership of great apes. However, there are laws that address the importation and possession of wildlife.New Hampshire also has laws that address endangered species, animal cruelty, and the importation and possession of wildlife. Additionally,importation and possession of great apes is an area that is strictly regulated under New Hampshire law. Article
VALUING WILDLIFE, WILDLIFE-OUR MOST VALUABLE PUBLIC RESOURCE Elizabeth Furse 6 Animal L. i (2000) The time has come for our legal system to reflect the value of wildlife in our society. As such, we must revise our thinking on the issue of takings as it refers to wildlife. Many wildlife policies and state initiatives show that the American public greatly values wildlife. Recent polls indicate that seventy-four percent of Americans want leghold traps banned in the United States. However, our legal system only compensates for the taking of property, and only for economic reasons. Article
Biodiversity, Species Protection, and Animal Welfare Under International Law Guillaume Futhazar MPIL Research Paper Series No. 2018-22 The purpose of this analysis is to explore the influence of the concept of animal welfare on international biodiversity law. A close examination of the recent evolution of this branch of international law shows that animal welfare has an ambivalent place in biodiversity-related agreements. Indeed, while welfare is only a faint consideration in the development of international regimes dealing with biodiversity as a whole, the concept has become an essential element for agreements dealing with the conservation of specific endangered species. Despite its role in these agreements, the place of animal welfare in international biodiversity law highlights that this corpus of rules is currently insufficient to be an effective tool for the protection of wildlife welfare. The last section of this study suggests that the adoption of international rules aiming at ensuring the protection of wild animals’ welfare could serve the double purpose of strengthening the conservation purpose of biodiversity regimes while also filling the welfare gap of international biodiversity law. Article
Animal Testing in Commercial Products Katie C. Galanes

Brief Summary of Animal Testing in Commercial Products
Katie C. Galanes (2010)

Topical Introduction
Brief Summary of Animal Testing Laws Katie C Galanes Animal Legal and Historical Center

A brief summary describing how and why animal testing is used within the commercial products industry. The summary explores the Animal Welfare Act and its impact on animal testing. In addition, the summary attempts to explain the complexities that surface during debates regarding animal testing and some of the arguments made by both animal advocates as well as those who favor the use of animal testing.

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Overview of Animal Testing in Commercial Products Katie C Galanes Animal Legal and Historical Center

The overview summary introduces the topic of animal testing within the commercial products industry. The article introduces a number of federal agencies responsible for monitoring and regulating animal testing. In addition, the overview explores the Animal Welfare Act along with some of the most traditional animal testing methods. The overview also reveals some recently developed animal testing alternatives and attempts to further explain the complex controversy that surrounds animal testing.

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Detailed Discussion of Animal Testing in Commercial Products Katie C. Galanes Animal Legal & Historical Center

This paper will examine the use of animals in toxicology testing. It begins with an examination of the most commons tests performed on animals within the commercial products industry. Next, the paper delves into the controversy and debate surrounding animal testing, and whether such a practice actually determines the safety of a product. In addition, the paper will examine and analyze existing laws that regulate animal testing and the federal agencies that manage the safety of commercial products. Last, some alternatives to animal testing are revealed and the future of animal testing is discussed.

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Political Ideology and the Legal Status of Animals Robert Garner 8 Animal L. 77 (2001) This essay argues that the benefits of changing the legal status of animals from their current position as items of property have been exaggerated. This assertion is based on the arguments that abolishing the property status of animals is not a sufficient guarantee that they will cease to be exploited and that, whilst the abolition of animals’ property status is a necessary step towards the fulfilment of an animal rights agenda, it is incorrect to suggest that significant improvements to their well-being cannot be achieved from within the existing property paradigm.** Article

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