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Displaying 5871 - 5880 of 6638
Title Authorsort descending Citation Summary Type
Horse Racing and Trainer Liability Cynthia Hodges

Brief Summary of Trainer Responsibility for Racehorse Breakdowns in New York
Cynthia F. Hodges, MA, JD (2008)

Topical Introduction
Brief Summary of Ordinances for Pet Number Restrictions Cynthia F. Hodges Animal Legal & Historical Center

Some cities and towns have attempted to address pet nuisance issues by limiting the number of pets a person can own. These laws are sometimes challenged by pet owners because the laws impact pet owners’ property rights. However, courts usually uphold the laws if they are rationally related to protecting the public health, safety, and welfare.

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Detailed Discussion of the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act Cynthia F. Hodges Animal Legal & Historical Center

The Humane Methods of Slaughter Act (HMSA) is federal legislation that requires that only humane methods of slaughtering and handling livestock in connection with slaughtering be used. Before being shackled, hoisted, thrown, cast, or cut, livestock animals must be rendered insensible to pain by being gassed, electrocuted, or shot in the head with a firearm or captive bolt stunner. HMSA does not apply to birds or animals killed in ritual slaughter, and lacks a general enforcement provision.

Article
Equine Activity Liability Cynthia Hodges

Brief Summary of Equine Activity Liability Acts (EALA)
Cynthia Hodges, J.D., LL.M., M.A. (2010)

Topical Introduction
Brief Summary of Laws on Assistance Animals Cynthia F. Hodges Animal Legal & Historical Center

State and federal laws prohibit discrimination against disabled people who rely on service animals. Such laws try to protect the rights of disabled people and safeguard their service animals from harm. The penalties for violating these laws include fines, restitution, and imprisonment.

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Assistance Animals Cynthia Hodges

Brief Summary of Assistance Animals Laws
Cynthia Hodges, J.D., LL.M., M.A. (2010)

Topical Introduction
The Cracking Facade of the International Whaling Commission as an Institution of International Law: Norwegian Small-Type Whaling Brian T. Hodges 15 J. Envtl. L. & Litig. 295

This article discusses the fact that the International Whaling Commission has not expressly recognized the Makah tribe's aboriginal subsistence need, and instead has intentionally left the issue ambiguous. The only viable reason for the IWC to deny the Norwegians a quota under the same exemption is the "aboriginal" requirement. The IWC should clarify the legal ambiguities regarding the right to harvest whales, and it should grant subsistence right to Norwegian coastal fishermen.

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State and Federal Disaster Planning Laws and Pets Cynthia Hodges

Brief Summary of State Emergency Planning Laws for Animals
Cynthia Hodges, J.D., LL.M., M.A.  (2011)

Topical Introduction
The Link: Cruelty to Animals and Violence Towards People Cynthia Hodges Animal Legal & Historical Center

The article explores the connection between cruelty to animals and human violence. In particular, it examines animal abuse perpetrated by adolescents as a predictor of later human violence.

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Trainer Responsibility for Racehorse Breakdowns in New York Cynthia F. Hodges The Animal Legal and Historical Center

Trainers should be held criminally liable when racehorses break down under the New York anti-cruelty statute, Agriculture and Markets Law § 353. This section prohibits anyone from unjustifiably overdriving, torturing, injuring, or killing animals. By racing unfit horses, the trainers are not only withholding medical care, but are causing pain and further injury to the horses, which is cruel under the statute. Knowingly racing an unfit horse meets the definition of “cruelty” under § 353, and a guilty trainer should be held to account.

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