[link to companion regulation - § 671. Importation, Transportation and Possession of Live Restricted Animals.]

s 671.1. Permits for Restricted Species.

s 671.2. Humane Care and Treatment Standards.

s 671.3. Minimum Facility and Caging Standards for Wild Animals Housed at Permanent Facilities.

s 671.4. Transportation Standards for Exhibition of Live Restricted Animals.

s 671.5. Disposition of Violations Related to Possession of Wild Animals.

s 671.6. Release of Animals into the Wild.

s 671.1. Permits for Restricted Species.

(a) General. It is unlawful for any person to import, export, transport, maintain, dispose of, or use for any purpose any animal restricted by Section 671 except as authorized in a permit issued by the department.

(1) Limited Scope. A permit issued pursuant to this Section 671.1 does not supersede any Federal, State, or local law regulating or prohibiting the animals or the activities authorized in the permit.

(2) Inspections. The department may approve an application prior to facilities being inspected and approved. A permit shall not be issued unless the applicant's facilities have been inspected and approved by the department or persons designated by the department.

The department may enter any facility at a reasonable hour, where restricted species are kept or may be kept to inspect animals, facilities, animal equipment, or to inspect, audit, or copy any permit, book or record required to be kept by these regulations or federal regulations relating to such species.

(3) Change of Address or Name. The permittee must notify the Department's License and Revenue Division, 3211 S Street, Sacramento, California 95816, in writing of any change of address or name related to the permit within fourteen (14) days of the change.

(4) Records. Any record, log, invoice, or other document required by this Section 671.1 shall be maintained by the permittee for at least three years from the date issued, and be made available to the department immediately upon demand.

(5) Transportation Records Required of Broker/Dealer. The permittee shall prepare and sign an invoice in duplicate prior to any animals leaving their facility. The invoice shall contain the name and address of the Broker/Dealer, a phone number where the Broker/Dealer and the consignee can be reached 24 hours, the name and address of the consignee, the date of the shipment, and the number and scientific name of each animal. The invoice shall accompany the animals being shipped. The consignee shall sign and date the invoice receipt of the shipment and retain a copy.

(6) Permits for Business. A person (as defined in Fish and Game Code Section 67) other than a natural person can qualify for and be issued a permit, only by employing at least one full time employee who possesses the requirements for obtaining a permit. The permittee must continue to employ such qualified persons as long as the animals are possessed in California.

(7) Financial Responsibility. The department may require an applicant for a nonresident permit to provide proof he/she will immediately cover all expenses incurred by the department for personnel, equipment, and facilities used to locate, capture, house, care for, and transport animals that escape or that are released or abandoned. The written proof must be in the form of an insurance bond or other financial guarantee payable to the department, local government agency, or entity contracting for the animals.

(8) Health Certificates. The department may require as a condition on any permit that restricted animals be approved for interstate shipment pursuant to applicable federal or state agency standards for diseases such as but not limited to tuberculosis, brucellosis, and pseudo rabies. Permit conditions may be more restrictive than federal standards.

(9) Transgenic Aquatic Animals. The department may issue permits for importation, possession, transportation or rearing of, or research on, transgenic aquatic animals pursuant to the following terms and conditions:

(A) All transgenic aquatic animals shall be held, raised, and transported in a closed-water system or in a system which treats effluent discharge from the facility with a disinfection system adequate to ensure against the inadvertent release of live animals. A closed-water system means that there is no discharge to waters of the state. Municipal treated sewage systems are not considered waters of the state. The Commission may grant an exception to subsection (a)(9)(A) of this regulation if it is determined that doing so shall not pose a significant risk to the waters or wildlife of the state.

(B) Access to facilities containing transgenic aquatic animals must be restricted through means determined to be adequate by the Department to assure against unauthorized removal of animals.

(C) Movement of live transgenic aquatic animals from facilities is prohibited unless specifically permitted by the Department.

(D) Release of transgenic aquatic animals or their progeny into waters of the state is prohibited.

(E) If transgenic aquatic animals are held with non-transgenic animals of the same species, all such animals that commingle with transgenic animals shall be treated as transgenic for the purposes of regulation and may not be introduced into waters of the state. Nontransgenic individuals that can be individually identified as nontransgenic may be exempt from this provision with prior department approval.

(F) In addition to any other penalty provided by law, any unauthorized release of transgenic aquatic animals or their progeny into the waters of the state may be subject to the penalties provided for under Fish and Game Code Sections 2125, 12007, and/or 12023.

(G) A university, college, governmental research agency or other bona fide scientific institution, as determined by the department, may apply for an expedited permit review under 671.1(b)(6) of this section by demonstrating that they meet or exceed the requirements stipulated in subsections (A) through (F) as part of a federal program or permit, for example, National Institute of Health guidelines administered by an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Such institutions shall have 120 calendar days from May 14, 2003 to submit supporting documentation for an initial permit.

(H) The Department shall provide written notice of the filing of all permit applications to any interested party who submits a written request for such notice. The Department shall consider all written comments regarding a permit application that are received from any interested party prior to approval of that application. All approved applications shall be reviewed by the Fish and Game Commission during a regularly scheduled public meeting; and the Commission, following public comment, may deny the issuance of a permit if it finds that an applicant is or will be unable to meet all regulatory requirements for importation, transportation, possession, and confinement of transgenic aquatic animals.

(I) The regulations under subsection 671.1(a)(9) shall be reviewed by the Department and other interested parties no later than one year after their effective date of May 14, 2003. A summary of the review shall be reported to the Commission at a regularly scheduled meeting within 90 days of May 14, 2004.

(b) Permits and Fees. The following fees will be adjusted annually pursuant to Section 699, Title 14, CCR. The department may issue permits with the conditions it determines are necessary to protect native wildlife, agriculture interests, animal welfare, and/or human health and safety to:

(1) Animal Care. A person who is a resident and who has the demonstrated experience and ability to house an animal, and who legally possessed the animal in California prior to January 1992. The permittee may only possess and provide care for the animal(s) specifically listed on their department approved permit inventory. No other activity is authorized except that which is medically necessary for the care of the animal. The base permit fees for this activity in 1998 are $34.75 for Welfare species and $289.50 for Detrimental species.

(2) Exhibiting. A person who is a resident or nonresident who is in the business of exhibiting animals and who possesses the qualifications listed in 671.1(c)(1) to import, transport, and possess only those species listed on the department approved permit inventory for commercial exhibition purposes. The base permit fee for this activity in 1998 is $289.50 for residents and $579.00 for nonresidents.

(3) Single Event Breeding for Exhibitor. A person who is a resident and permitted pursuant to Section 671.1(b)(2) to conduct a one time, single breeding of an animal which is listed on the department approved permit inventory. The permit may be renewed annually, but only upon written verification by a veterinarian accredited by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) that the breeding authorized by the former permit was not successful. The base permit fee for this activity in 1998 is $34.75.

(4) Breeding. A person who is a resident and who possesses the qualifications listed in Section 671.1(c)(1) to import, transport, and possess only those species listed on the department approved permit inventory for breeding, but only if the department determines the breeding will not result in unneeded or uncared for animals or the species is threatened or endangered. The base permit fee for this activity in 1998 is $289.50.

(5) AZA. A person accredited by the American Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) to import, transport, and possess only those species listed on the department approved permit inventory for breeding, exhibition, or for bona fide scientific or public health research. The base permit fee for this activity in 1998 is $289.50.

(6) Research. A university, college, governmental research agency, or other bona fide scientific institution, as determined by the department, engaging in scientific or public health research to import, transport, and possess only those species listed on the department approved permit inventory for breeding, or for bona fide scientific or public health research. The base permit fee for this activity in 1998 is $289.50.

(7) Broker/Dealer. A person who is a resident or nonresident to act as a broker or dealer in a transaction involving the buying and/or selling of restricted species, or who is the business of transporting restricted species within the state between permittees. The base permit fee for this activity in 1998 is $289.50 for residents and $579.00 for nonresidents.

(A) Special Restrictions.

(1) Minimum Caging Period. Animals may be kept in transport caging for a period not to exceed 48 hours. An additional 48 hours may be approved by an enforcing officer or a veterinarian accredited by the USDA.

(2) Nonresident Restriction. The nonresident dealer shall only transport animals between permittees authorized by this Section or between AZA accredited institutions and permittees or ship them out of state in compliance with Federal guidelines.

(8) Shelter. A person who is a resident, who possesses the qualifications listed in Section 671.1(c)(1), and who has a statement in writing signed by the department's regional manager verifying the need for a shelter or similar facility in the area, to transport and possess restricted species for humane purposes only. The base permit fee for this activity in 1998 is $34.75. The permit fee may be waived upon recommendation of the regional manager when he/she determines it is in the best interest of the public, the animal, or the department to do so.

(A) Special Authorizations.

(1) A permittee may exhibit animals at its facility for fund-raising purposes.

(2) The department may authorize a permittee to import restricted species upon receipt of written verification that appropriate facilities outside of California were contacted and no housing was available, and that these specific animals would be euthanized if they cannot be imported into California.

(Note: Deer Farming Permits. See Section 676.)

(c) Qualifications, Application Fees, and Permit Information.

(1) Qualifications. Applicants shall be at least 18 years of age and possess at least two years, full-time, paid or volunteer, hands-on experience caring for restricted species at a facility(ies) engaged in a similar or directly related activity to the permit requested. Applicants shall have at least one year full-time hands-on professional experience working with prohibited species in the same family or closely related taxonomic family as each species being requested. Experience will be considered only for the periods the applicant was directly involved in and responsible for the animals while engaged in the activity requested on the permit. Applicants must be residents of California, except permits for an exhibiting permit or a broker/dealer permit may be issued to nonresidents.

Persons or facilities accredited by the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums (AZA), universities, colleges, governmental research agencies or other bona fide scientific institutions, as determined by the department, engaging in scientific or public health research are exempt from meeting these qualifications.

(2) Application. Completed applications and all fees shall be submitted to the Department of Fish and Game, License and Revenue Branch, Sacramento (see Section 671.1(a)(3) above for address) for each permit, permit amendment, or renewal. Application fees are nonrefundable and are in addition to permit fees.

The following information and documents shall accompany an application for each permit, amendment, or renewal:

(A) An inventory of each animal requested including the common and scientific name, sex, and age of each animal;

(B) Written certification from a veterinarian accredited by the USDA, that he/she has observed each of the permittee's animals at least twice during the prior year, that the animals have been appropriately immunized and are being housed and cared for as required by law. The certification must be signed by the veterinarian and must include the veterinarian's printed name, address and license number. In the case of animals to be acquired by the permittee, the certification shall include the future dates the animals will be inspected by the veterinarian;

(C) A resume which provides the dates and description of the applicant's experience. The resume is required only when applying for the original permit or when applying to add new species to the inventory.

(D) A copy of current license or registration document required by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and a copy of the most recent USDA facility inspection form completed for the facility.

(E) A letter of recommendation on letterhead stationary signed in ink by the owner or operator of a facility where the applicant gained his/her experience. The letter must provide the printed name of the owner or operator and detailed information regarding the quality and extent of the applicant's knowledge and experience related to the permit requested.

(F) Applicants for a breeding permit shall include a statement describing why the progeny are necessary. The statement must be in writing on letterhead stationary from a university, research facility, exhibitor, breeder, zoological garden or other authorized recipient. The statement must contain the printed name and be signed in ink by an official representative of the organization providing the statement. The statement is required only with the original application and when applying to add new species to the breeding inventory.

(3) Term of Permit. Permits issued under the provisions of this Section 671.1 shall be valid for a term of one year from the date of issue.

(4) Denial. The department may deny the issuance of a permit if the conditions of Section 671.1(b) are not met, or the failure to comply with terms and conditions of a permit or the provisions of sections 671-671.6. Any person denied a permit under these regulations may request a hearing before the commission to show cause why their permit request should not be denied.

(5) Revocation. Any permit issued pursuant to these regulations may be canceled or suspended at any time by the commission for failure to comply with the terms and conditions of the permit or for failure to comply with sections 671-671.6, after notice and opportunity to be heard, or without a hearing upon conviction of a violation of these regulations by a court of competent jurisdiction.

(6) Fees. The following fees will be adjusted annually pursuant to Section 699, Title 14, CCR.

(A) Application. A nonrefundable application fee for new permit, amending or renewing existing permit: $30.

(B) Inspection. The applicant shall pay $100.00 for two inspections each year. If an inspection requires more than two hours, or additional inspections are required to verify corrections of facilities or for compliance with these regulations an additional $25.00 per hour shall be charged. The inspection fee shall be waived if a person submits an annual statement from a veterinarian accredited by the USDA certifying that the animals have been inspected at least twice during the year, at six month intervals, and that the animals are being cared for and housed in accordance with applicable requirements in sections 671.2 through 671.4, Title 14, CCR. In the case of animals to be acquired, the inspection fee shall be waived if a veterinarian accredited by the USDA will certify that the facilities meet the minimum requirements of Section 671.2, Title 14, CCR, and that the animals will be inspected at least twice during the next year as required.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 1002, 2118, 2120, 2122, 2150 and 2150.2, Fish and Game Code. Reference: Sections 2116-2118, 2190 and 2271, Fish and Game Code.

 HISTORY 

1. Amendment filed 5-6-75 as an emergency; effective upon filing (Register 75,  No. 18). For prior history, see Register 75, No. 4.

 2. Certificate of Compliance filed 7-3-75 (Register 75, No. 27).

 3. Amendment of subsection (a) filed 5-11-79; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 79, No. 19).

 4. Amendment of NOTEfiled 7-16-81; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 81, No. 29).

 5. Order of Repeal of subsection (b) filed 6-3-85 by OAL pursuant to Government Code section 11349.7; effective thirtieth day thereafter  (Register 85, No. 26).

  6. Editorial correction of NOTEfiled 9-20-85; effective thirtieth day  thereafter (Register 85, No. 38).

 7. Repealer and new section filed 2-26-92; operative 2-26-92 pursuant to Government Code section 11346.2(d) (Register 92, No. 13).

 8. Amendment of subsection (b)(5)(A)2b and new subsections (b)(9) and (c)(6)(A)9 filed 12-7-94; operative 12-7-94 pursuant to Government Code section 11346.2(d) (Register 94, No. 49).

 9. Repealer and new section filed 8-27-98; operative 9-26-98 (Register 98, No. 35).

 10. New subsections (a)(9)-(a)(9)(G) and amendment ofNote filed 4-14-2003; operative 5-14-2003 (Register 2003, No. 16).

 11. Amendment of subsection (a)(9)(G) and new subsections (a)(9)(H)-(I) filed 8-28-2003; operative 9-27-2003 (Register 2003, No. 35).

§ 671.2. Humane Care and Treatment Standards.

(a) Care and Treatment. Except as provided by subsection (c) below, every person who imports, transports, or possesses a restricted species shall comply with the following provisions:

(1) Food. Food shall be wholesome, palatable and free from contamination and shall be supplied in sufficient quantity and nutritive value to maintain the animal in good health. The diet shall be prepared with consideration for the age, species, condition, and size of each animal.

(2) Feeding. Animals not in hibernation shall be fed at least once a day. Food receptacles shall be clean and sanitary. Food shall be accessible to all animals in the enclosure and placed to prevent contamination. If self-feeders are used, adequate measures shall be taken to prevent mold, contamination, deterioration or caking of food.

(3) Water. Potable water must be accessible to the animals at all times or provided as often as necessary for the health and comfort of the animal as directed by a licensed veterinarian. All water receptacles shall be clean and sanitary.

(4) Cleaning of enclosures. Excrement shall be removed from enclosures at least once per day or in the case of large pasture areas, large flight cages, breeding chambers or large natural habitat enclosures, as often as necessary to maintain animals in a healthy condition. When enclosures are cleaned by hosing or flushing, adequate measures shall be taken to protect confined animals from the direct spray.

(5) Disinfection of enclosures. After an animal with an infectious or transmissible disease is removed from a cage, room, or pen/run, that enclosure shall be disinfected in compliance with the directions of a licensed veterinarian.

(6) Pest control. Programs of disease prevention and parasite control, euthanasia and adequate veterinary care shall be established and maintained under the supervision of a licensed veterinarian. The pest control program shall be reviewed annually by the veterinarian for the safe use of materials and methods.

(7) Daily observation. Animals shall be observed every day by the person in charge of the care of the animals or by someone working under his or her direct supervision. Sick or diseased, stressed, injured, or lame animals shall be provided with veterinary care or humanely destroyed.

(8) Handling. Animals shall be handled expeditiously and carefully so as not to cause unnecessary discomfort, behavioral stress, or physical harm to the animal. Except as provided below, an animal may be placed on a chain and collar only when being transported by an attendant between areas on a permittee's premises or between a mode of conveyance and a worksite or veterinarian's office, or when the handler is working or exercising the animal(s) within the compound. Care shall be exercised to avoid harm to the handler or the general public. Animals shall be kept under control at all times and shall not be allowed to roam free outside of a compound, except when under the control of the handler during filming or exhibition.

Exceptions: Elephants chained pursuant to subsection 671.3(b)(2)(M)4. (see Department of Fish and Game Manual No. 671- 2/25/92). Raptors may be jessed and tethered.

(9) Chaining/staking. Animal(s) shall not be chained or otherwise tethered to a stake, post, tree, building or other anchorage, except during filming, training or exhibition, in an emergency situation or when repairs are being made to the cage. The animal(s) shall be under the direct supervision of the handler or his designee at all times.

Exceptions: Elephants chained pursuant to subsection 671.3(b)(2)(M)4. (see Department of Fish and Game Manual No. 671- 2/25/92). Raptors may be jessed and tethered.

(10) Public display. Animals shall be publicly displayed only for periods of time and under conditions consistent with the animal's health and comfort. The animal must be handled so there is no perceived risk to the public in the judgement of the department's enforcement officer, with sufficient distance allowed between animal acts and the viewing public to assure safety to both the public and the animals. Animals on display shall be contained within an escape-proof area or enclosure at all times when not under the immediate control of a handler. Circus or traveling show animals shall be allowed a rest period of at least 4 hours per day within an enclosure as directed by a licensed veterinarian.

(b) Log Requirement. Permittees shall maintain a written log in the English language for each animal in their possession which documents each animal's health care. The log shall contain the following information: date of acquisition, name and address of person from whom the animal was acquired, identifying marks or characteristics, date and description of illness and/or injury, health care treatment provided, name and signature of the person treating the animal, if applicable. This log shall be made available to department officers or its authorized agent on demand.

(c) Alternative Care and Treatment Authorized by Veterinarian. When specifically directed in writing by a licensed veterinarian, a person may provide alternative care and treatment. The veterinarian's written instructions for long-term care of the animals held under the permit shall be presented to the inspector at the time of inspection. The implementation of any short-term exceptions to the veterinarian's long-term instructions or to the provisions of subsections 671.2(a)(1) through (10) above shall be verified in writing in the animal's log by the permittee within 10 working days from the date of the action. Such exception shall not exceed two weeks without written concurrence from a licensed veterinarian.

§ 671.3. Minimum Facility and Caging Standards for Wild Animals Housed at Permanent Facilities.

(a) General Housing Requirements and Specifications.

(1) All cages or enclosures shall be completely enclosed unless otherwise specified.

(2) Compatible animals may be held in the same enclosure if the required floor space is provided.

(3) Common walls between noncompatible animals shall be constructed so that animals cannot gain access to each other.

(4) If the ambient air temperature falls below that necessary to maintain the animal in a healthy condition, an artificial heat source that is sufficient to maintain that minimum ambient air temperature shall be provided.

(5) If a pool of water is required, the floor space occupied by the pool shall be in addition to the minimum floor space requirement unless otherwise specified.

(6) Night quarters, holding pens and nesting boxes may not be used as primary housing.

(7) Except as provided in subsection (b) below, all animals listed shall be housed in facilities that have double doors or, if individual cages do not have double doors, then a perimeter fence shall enclose the entire facility to prevent escape.

(8) All enclosures shall be provided with sufficient drainage to prevent standing water from accumulating.

(9) Wherever a concrete floor is specified, either wood plank flooring or natural substrate may be used to cover the concrete floor.

(10) The following are minimum pen, cage or enclosure size requirements:

(b) Specific Housing Requirements. Permittees shall comply with the following provisions except that material or construction may be substituted upon approval of the inspecting officer if the permittee produces written certification from a licensed civil or structural engineer that the material and/or construction is of equivalent strength.

(1) Class Aves -Birds

All birds, except indigenous birds and birds in the Orders Falconiformes and Strigiformes, listed in Section 671 shall be housed in cages having double doors so constructed that the exterior door must be closed before the interior door can be opened. Each door or gate shall be secured by a lock. Perches shall be large enough in diameter so that the bird's claws do not meet the toe or pad on the underside of the perch.

(A) Orders Falconiformes and Strigiformes. Noncompatible raptors shall be housed separately unless tethered. Birds of these orders held pursuant to a falconry license shall be maintained in accordance with Section 670, Title 14, CCR. Tethered raptors shall be provided with a perch designed for individual species of raptors. Tethered raptors shall be protected from predators and shall be provided with water for drinking and bathing. Tethers shall be constructed to allow the bird freedom of normal movement without becoming tangled; such tethers shall be of equal length (one on each leg). Raptors shall not be tethered continuously unless they are being flown on a daily basis or they are incapable of flying.

(2) Class Mammalia

(A) Order Primates

1. A shelter or a den box shall be provided. All primates shall be provided with natural or artificial sunlight.

2. Nocturnal primates shall be provided with privacy during their daytime hours.

3. Nest boxes shall be provided for species that use them (e.g., tamarins, marmosets, owl monkeys). Raised perches and roost sites shall be provided for arboreal or semi-arboreal species.

4. For brachiating species (gibbons and spider monkeys), sufficient vertical space must be provided for this activity which means perches shall be above the floor at a height that is at least equivalent to twice the length of an adult. The ceiling shall be high enough to allow room for the animal to stand erect on its perch with arms extended overhead.

5. Primates shall be provided with objects or exercise systems appropriate to the age and species to promote physical and psychological well-being. These may include sturdy ropes, bars, branches, and chains and rings.

6. New World Monkeys such as squirrel, titis, and owl, medium and large South American monkeys, such as spiders, woollys, howlers, capuchins, and sakis held prior to August 3, 1989 may be kept in the currently approved housing so that the prior social structure and environment of those animals may be maintained. All other housing requirements shall pertain to these animals.

7. Apes:

a. Gorilla, Orangutan and Chimpanzee

(i) The walls and top of the cage shall be constructed of either 6-inch reinforced concrete; or 8-inch reinforced concrete block; or 5/8-inch diameter steel bars spaced on not greater than 4-inch centers and welded to horizontal angle iron bars 1-1/4 inches x 1/4-inch thick which are spaced no greater than 3 feet apart; or 6-gauge chain link or welded wire attached to 1-5/8-inch schedule 40 steel pipe spaced on 5-foot centers with vertical bracing of 1-5/8-inch schedule 40 steel pipe spaced on 4-foot centers. The horizontal angle iron bars shall be welded to the corner posts. The bottom horizontal bar shall be no more than 3 inches above a concrete floor or footing. Welded wire shall be welded to the framework every foot. Chain link fencing shall be secured along all edges to the framework using tension bars which shall be bolted, not welded, to the framework at 12 inch intervals. All bolt attachments shall be further secured by spot welding. Walls shall be secured to a concrete footing deep enough below grade to preclude escape by digging. The framework for the walls and top of the cage shall be made of 1-5/8 inch outside diameter structural weight galvanized steel pipe or equivalent. Vertical support shall be set 2-1/2 feet in concrete.

(ii) Corner posts shall be either one 2-3/8 inch steel pipe or two 1-5/8 inch schedule 40 steel pipes bolted together with 3/8 inch steel bolts or equivalent.

b. Gibbon

(i) Construction shall be 9 gauge chain link or welded wire or equivalent.

8. Old World Monkeys

a. Baboon, mandrill, macaque, quenon, mangabey, langur, etc.

(i) 9 gauge wire or concrete construction.

9. New World Monkeys

a. Marmoset, squirrel, titis, owl and other similar-sized Monkeys.

(i) Cage mesh no greater than 1‘ x 2‘

b. Spider, woolly, howler, capuchin, saki, other medium and large sized South American monkeys, etc.

(i) 11 gauge wire or concrete construction.

(B) Order Edentata -Sloth, Anteater, Armadillo, etc.

1. The floor of the pen shall be at least 50% natural substrate. The walls of the pen shall be secured to a concrete footing or, if they are constructed of 11 gauge non-rusting chain link or welded wire, they shall be buried in the dirt deep enough to prevent escape by digging.

2. The pens for sloths may have a concrete floor and shall have limbs for climbing. One limb shall provide them an opportunity to get to a heat source.

(C) Order Marsupialia -Marsupial or Pouched Animal

1. The floor of the cage shall either be constructed of wood, or it shall be natural substrate. The surface of the paddock shall be natural substrate. Walls of the cage shall be secured to buried concrete or, if walls are constructed of 11 gauge non-rusting chain link or welded wire, they shall be buried in the dirt deep enough to prevent escape by digging.

2. Tree kangaroos and other arboreal marsupials shall be provided with limbs for perching, climbing and resting, a raised nest box or similar structure for seclusion and a heat source.

3. Kangaroos and wallabies shall be provided with a refuge area.

(D) Order Insectivora -Shrew, Mole, Hedgehog, etc.

1. The bottom of the cage shall be dirt, wood shavings or similar material over an escape-proof flooring.

2. A hide box or other refuge and protection from strong light are required.

(E) Order Dermoptera -Gliding Lemur

1. Limbs for perching and climbing and a rectangular cage are required.

(F) Order Chiroptera -Bat

1. Perching or other material shall be provided for the animal to suspend itself.

2 Protection from strong light shall be provided.

(G) Order Monotremata -Spiny Anteater, Platypus.

1. The floor of the cage shall be natural substrate. The walls of the cage shall be constructed of 11 gauge non-rusting chain link or welded wire, secured to buried concrete, or they shall be buried at least one foot below the surface.

2. Nest boxes with dry bedding or a natural burrow shall be provided for spiny anteaters. A heat source shall be provided.

3. A pool measuring at least 4 times the length of the animal(s) by 1-1/2 times the width of the animal by 2-feet deep shall be provided for platypuses for swimming and feeding. Each adult shall be provided with a dry land area equal to the surface area of the pool.

4. Platypuses require at least a 6-foot long, tunnel-like entrance to the nest box where water from the pool can be shed.

5. Platypuses shall be kept singly with young or paired only when breeding.

(H) Order Pholidota -Pangolin, Scaly Anteater

1. The floor of the cage shall be natural substrate or 4 inch concrete covered with permeable soil. The walls of the cage shall be constructed of 11 gauge non-rusting chain link or welded wire, secured to buried concrete, or they shall be buried at least one foot below the surface.

(I) Order Lagomorpha -Rabbit and Hare

All require tooth-resistant restraining materials and bone, wood or fibrous food to gnaw on.

1. The floor of a pen shall be constructed of concrete at least 2 inches thick or of 16 gauge non-rusting chain link or welded wire. Dirt or wood may be placed over the flooring.

(J) Order Rodentia -Muskrats, Porcupine, Squirrel, Beaver, Prairie Dog

All require tooth-resistant restraining materials and bone, wood or fibrous food to gnaw on.

1. Porcupine

a. New World porcupines require climbing perches.

b. A box shelter for seclusion is required.

2. Squirrel and Chipmunk

a. Arboreal forms require climbing perches.

b. Nest boxes are required for each animal.

c. The cage shall be completely enclosed with a welded wire and have a concrete floor.

d. The floor shall be covered with natural substrate, wood shavings or similar material.

3. Muskrat and Beaver

a. A pool of fresh water with easy entry and exit shall be provided. Half of the required floor space shall be a pool of water 2-1/2 feet deep.

b. A nest box or retreat shall be provided for each animal.

c. The walls of the cages for beaver shall be constructed of 9 gauge chain link or welded wire or equivalent construction; 11 gauge for muskrats.

d. The floor of the cages shall be constructed of 4-inch concrete or non-rusting 9 gauge chain link or welded steel wire. Such floors are not required if the side walls are anchored to equivalent materials which have been buried deep enough underground to prevent the animal's escape by digging.

e. Not more than 2 compatible adults of the same species and their offspring of the year may be held in the same enclosure.

4. Prairie Dog

a. The floor of a pen shall be constructed of 4-inch concrete, or 16 gauge, non-rusting woven wire or similar non-rusting material with mesh 1-inch in diameter. At least 1/4-inch diameter reinforcement rods shall be used along the outer edge of a concrete floor to help support concrete or concrete block walls. To facilitate drainage, 6-inch floor drains shall be installed in a concrete floor at the rate of one per 16 square feet. Floor drains shall be covered with 9 gauge non-rusting woven wire or similar material to prevent animals from escaping. Floor drains are not required when wire is used for entire floor. The floor shall be a minimum of 3 feet below ground level and covered with permeable soil or other mixture to ensure adequate drainage.

b. The walls of the pen below ground level shall be anchored to the floor and shall be of 4 inch concrete or concrete blocks or 9 gauge non-rusting woven wire or similar material with 1-inch mesh attached to the framework of steel or cedar posts. Above ground level the wall shall be of 18 gauge fur-farm netting with 1-inch mesh, 4-inch concrete or concrete blocks or similar material. The top shall be covered or the walls shall be at least 3-1/2 feet high and provide a non-climbable escape-proof barrier.

5. Acushi, Agouti, Paca and Capybara

a. Gnawing logs shall be provided.

b. A pool shall be provided for capybara.

c. Walls or fencing shall be anchored far enough below ground level to prevent escape by digging. Dirt substrate or similar natural material shall be provided.

(K) Order Carnivora -Raccoon, Weasel, Skunk, Mongoose, Wolf, Lion, Bear, etc.

1. Procyonidae -Raccoon, Coatimundi and Kinkajou

a. Limbs shall be required.

b. A nest box or sheltered retreat shall be provided.

c. The floor of the pen shall be constructed of 4-inch concrete, wood, or natural substrate over concrete or 9 gauge non-rusting chain link or similar material, or the walls shall be buried deep enough to prevent escape by digging.

d. The walls of the pen shall be constructed of 11 gauge chain link or equivalent, 4-inch concrete or concrete block. If no top is provided, the walls shall be of sufficient height and shall be constructed in a manner which makes them non-climbable to prevent escape.

2. Mustelidae

a. Weasel, Ferret, Mink, Marten, Tayra, Grison, and Skunk

(i) Limbs shall be required (except skunk).

(ii) A nest box shall be provided for each animal, except neutered European ferrets may have a large communal nest box.

(iii) The floor of the cage shall be constructed of one inch square or one inch by two inch mesh, 4-inch concrete, wood, 11 gauge non-rusting chain link or equivalent material with a covering of dirt or similar natural substrate.

b. Wolverine and Badger

(i) A natural or artificial den area shall be provided for each animal.

(ii) The floor of the cage shall be constructed of two inch by six inch wood or 4-inch concrete or non-rusting 9 gauge chain link or welded wire covered with 3 feet of permeable soil. Six-inch floor drains shall be installed in the concrete floor at the rate of one per 16 square feet. Floor drains shall be covered with 9 gauge non-rusting woven wire or similar material to prevent animals from escaping.

(iii) Walls of the cage shall be constructed of 9 gauge chain link or welded steel wire, 4-inch concrete, or concrete block. If no top is provided, walls shall be of sufficient height and shall be constructed in a manner which makes them non-climbable to prevent escape.

c. River Otter. (Sea otters shall be housed according to 9 CFR Sections 3.100-3.118.)

(i) A den area shall be provided for each animal.

(ii) A pool with fresh running water covering at least 1/2 of the required floor space and at least 2-1/2 feet deep shall be provided.

(iii) The floor of the cage shall be constructed of 4 inch concrete or dirt over such concrete or 9 gauge chain link or welded steel wire or the side walls shall be anchored to equal materials deep enough underground to prevent escape by digging. If concrete floor is used, 6 inch floor drains shall be used and they shall be covered with 9 gauge non-rusting woven wire or similar material to prevent animals from escaping.

(iv) The walls of the cage shall be constructed of 11 gauge chain link or welded steel fabric or equivalent construction.

3. Viverridae -Genet, Civet and Mongoose, Binturong

a. Limbs shall be provided.

b. A nest box or platform is required. A heat source shall be provided for genet, civet and mongoose.

c. The floor of the cage shall be constructed of 4-inch concrete or for civets and binturongs, it may be 11 gauge non- rusting welded steel fabric with 2-inch mesh and the cage for genets and mongooses shall be of 16 gauge welded steel fabric with 3/4-inch mesh which is covered with soil.

d. The walls of the cage for civets and binturongs shall be of 11 gauge welded steel fabric with 2-inch mesh and the cage for genets and mongooses shall be of 16 gauge welded steel fabric with 3/4-inch mesh, 4-inch concrete or concrete block.

4. Hyaenidae -Hyena

a. The floor of the cage shall be constructed of 4-inch concrete, or 2 by 6 inch or larger wood flooring or buried non-rusting 9 gauge chain link or welded wire with mesh no larger than 2 inches by 4 inches.

b. The walls of the cage shall be constructed of 9 gauge chain link or welded wire with mesh no larger than 2 inches by 4 inches, or 6-inch concrete or concrete block. If an animal is kept in a large enclosure in lieu of a cage, the floor shall be of natural substrate and the walls shall be anchored and extend at least 5 feet underground. If no top is provided, the walls shall be at least 10 feet high and constructed to be non-climbable by the animal or the walls shall be 8 feet high and shall have, in addition, a 2-foot overhang angling 45 degrees inward at the top.

c. A sheltered retreat and either a den or elevated wood platform shall be provided.

5. Canidae -Wolf, Coyote, Fox and Other Members of the Dog Family

a. Limbs shall be provided for gray and red foxes.

b. The floor of the cage shall be either natural substrate or constructed of two inch by six inch wood or 4-inch concrete or buried non-rusting 9 gauge chain link or welded wire. In lieu of the above, either the walls shall be buried at least 8 feet deep to prevent escape by digging, or a buried 3-foot wide concrete, chain link, or welded wire apron shall be provided which shall be attached to the inside of the bottom of the perimeter walls to prevent escape by digging at the walls. All buried chain link or welded wire shall meet the gauge requirements for walls.

c. The walls of the cage shall be constructed of 6-inch concrete or concrete block, chain link or welded wire. If chain link is used, it shall be 9 gauge for wolves and 11 gauge for other canids. If an animal is kept in a large enclosure in lieu of a cage, the floor shall be of natural substrate and the walls of the cage shall be anchored and extend at least 5 feet underground or a buried 3-foot wide concrete, chain link or welded wire apron shall be provided which shall be attached to the inside of the bottom of the perimeter walls to prevent escape by digging at the walls. If no top is provided, the walls shall be at least 10 feet high and constructed to be non-climbable by the animal or the walls shall be 6 feet high (except that the walls for the gray fox shall be 8 feet high) and shall have, in addition, a 2-foot overhang angling 45 degrees inward at the top.

d. A sheltered retreat and either a den or elevated wood platform shall be provided.

6. Felidae -Cat Family

a. Dens shall be provided and shall be adequate in size to provide privacy and comfort for all animals in the enclosure.

b. An elevated wooden loafing platform or an elevated dry natural substrate loafing area, adequate in size for all animals within the enclosure, shall be provided. The top of the den or den box may be designed to meet this requirement.

c. A tree limb or other suitable scratch block shall be provided.

d. The floor of the cage shall be natural substrate or constructed of wood or 4 inches of concrete or welded wire or the walls shall be buried deep enough to prevent escape by digging. All buried chain link or welded wire shall be non-rusting and shall meet the gauge requirements for walls.

e. Group I -Lion, Tiger, Cheetah, Snow Leopard, and Hybrids Thereof:

(i) A minimum of 100 square feet shall be of concrete or wood planking as a sanitary area for feeding unless a secured food receptacle which is cleaned daily is provided.

(ii) Walls and top of the enclosure shall be constructed of at least 9 gauge chain link. The framework for the walls and top shall be constructed of 1-5/8 inch schedule 40 steel pipe. Vertical posts shall be bolted to or anchored in concrete 1-1/2 feet deep by 10 inches in diameter spaced no more than 10 feet apart. Horizontal pipe supports shall be spaced no more than 4 feet apart and welded at the ends to the vertical posts. The above chain link fencing shall be secured to the vertical and horizontal framing on all sides using tension bars which shall be welded or bolted to the framework every 18 inches. Welded wire shall be welded to the framework every 12 inches on all sides. The bottom horizontal cross bar shall be no more than 3 inches above the concrete floor. If a bottom horizontal cross bar is not used, the walls shall be secured against the natural substrate or a wooden flooring in a manner which precludes escape. Corner posts shall be two 1-5/8-inch schedule 40 steel posts or one 2-3/8-inch schedule 40 steel post. The top cross members shall be spaced no more than 5 feet apart.

f. Group II -Black and Spotted Leopard, Jaguar, Clouded Leopard, Mountain Lion, European Lynx and Hybrids Thereof:

(i) At least 70 square feet of the floor space must be of concrete or wood planking as a sanitary area for feeding unless a secured food receptacle which is cleaned daily is provided.

(ii) Walls and tops shall be the same as for Group I cats.

g. Group III -Caracal, Bobcat, Canada Lynx, Golden Cat, Ocelot, Serval, Jungle Cat, Fishing Cat and Hybrids Thereof:

(i) At least 25 square feet of floor space shall be concrete or wood planking as a sanitary area for feeding, unless a secured food receptacle which is cleaned daily is provided.

(ii) Walls and top of the enclosure shall be constructed of at least 12 gauge chain link or equivalent. Corner posts shall be either one 2-3/8-inch schedule 40 steel pipe or two 1-5/8-inch schedule 40 steel pipes and anchored as provided for Group I cats.

h. Group IV -Margay, Leopard Cat, Pallas Cat, Marble Cat, Geoffroy's Cat, African Wild Cat, European Wild Cat, Jaguarundi, Little Spotted Cat, African Black Footed Cat, Sand Cat, Flatheaded Cat, Pampas Cat and Hybrids Thereof:

(i) At least 20 square feet of floor space shall be concrete or wood planking as a sanitary area for feeding, unless a secured food receptacle which is cleaned daily is provided.

(ii) Wall and top of the enclosure shall be constructed of at least 12 gauge chain link or equivalent. Corner posts shall be either one 2-3/8-inch schedule 40 steel pipe or two 1-5/8-inch schedule 40 steel pipes and anchored as provided for Group I cats.

7. Ursidae-Bear Family

Bears shall be classified into 3 groups: Group I= Sun Bears, Asiatic Black bears, Sloth bears and Spectacled bears; Group II= American Black bears and European brown bears; and Group III= Polar bears and Brown bears.

(i) Floors of the enclosure shall be constructed of reinforced concrete 4 inches thick or they shall be of natural substrate or wood with the walls secured to a concrete footing deep enough below grade to preclude escape by digging (at least 5 feet for Group III).

(ii) Vertical corner posts shall be made of either one 2-3/8- inch schedule 40 steel pipe or two 1-5/8-inch schedule 40 steel pipe. Other vertical, horizontal, and top cross member supports shall be made of 1-5/8-inch schedule 40 steel pipe for Group I and 1-7/8-inch schedule 40 steel pipe for Groups II and III. All horizontal pipe supports shall be spaced no more than 5 feet apart for any group. The bottom horizontal pipe shall be no more than 3 inches above the concrete floor.

(iii) The framework for the walls and top of the cage shall be constructed of materials that are equal or greater in strength than the corner posts with all upright members set 2-1/2 feet in concrete and spaced no more than 10 feet apart for Group I and II or 5 feet apart for Group III. The cross members (stringers) forming the framework for the top shall be spaced no more than 5 feet apart for any group. Iron pipe shall be standard grade for Groups I and II and structural strength grade for Group III.

(iv) For groups I and II the walls of the cage shall be constructed of 9 gauge chain link or welded wire with mesh no greater than 2 inches in diameter. For Group III bears the walls of the cage shall be constructed of 5 gauge chain link or welded wire. Welded wire shall be welded to the framework every 4 inches.

Chain link fencing shall be secured along all edges to the framework using tension bars which shall be bolted to the framework every foot. The walls of the cage for groups I, II and III bears may also be constructed of vertical steel bars or rods of 5/8-inch diameter, spaced on 4-inch centers, and welded at the ends to 1-1/4 inch x 1/4-inch angle iron.

The horizontal angle iron supports shall be welded to the vertical posts. The bottom horizontal support shall be no more than 3 inches above the concrete floor and each horizontal support shall be spaced no more than 4 feet apart between floor and top.

(v) The top of the cage shall be constructed of material equal to the wall requirements for the particular group of bears enclosed. Shade shall be provided by covering 1/4 to 1/2 of the top with exterior grade plywood, fiberglass, or similar material.

(vi) A concrete or concrete block den at least 4 feet high by 4 feet wide by 6 feet long or an equivalent shall be provided for each animal; or one den at least 4 feet high by 6 feet wide by 8 feet long for 2 animals or for a female and her offspring of the year. The top of the den shall be constructed of concrete which may be covered on top with wood for laying. A den shall be provided with shavings, straw, or a wooden platform or flooring for reclining. The den shall be provided with adequate ventilation to prevent condensation of moisture. The den box may be of wood if the den is completely within the cage.

(vii) A bear shall be provided with a suitable scratching post.

(viii) A pool deep enough for complete immersion shall be required for polar bears and the pool surface area shall be in addition to the minimum cage size requirement.

(L) Order Tubulidentata-Aardvarks

1. The floor of the cage shall be dirt. The walls of the cage shall be constructed of 9 gauge non-rusting welded wire or concrete which has been buried to a depth of at least 5 feet to prevent escape by digging.

(M) Order Proboscidea-Elephant

1. A heated barn shall be provided in any geographical area where the ambient air temperature drops below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. The floor of the barn shall be constructed of at least 6 inches of reinforced concrete. All lights and other such objects and obstacles in the barn shall be kept outside the reach of the elephant.

2. Elephants shall be provided free exercise unchained on dirt for a minimum of 5 hours per each 24-hour period.

3. An enclosure constructed of 6-inch reinforced concrete, 2- inch diameter steel bars or 4-inch diameter schedule 40 galvanized steel pipe shall be provided. No roof is required.

4. Chaining requirements:

a. Chains shall be secured to a concrete floor, concrete “dead man,” or other immovable anchor.

b. A covered chaining area shall be provided.

c. An elephant may be chained by only one rear leg and the opposite front leg and in such a manner as to restrict movement but still allow the animal to easily lay down and rise again. Chains shall be rotated to the other 2 legs daily.

d. Elephants chained for any extended period shall have their leg chains padded and shall be checked regularly to insure they are secure and to detect any injury to the leg.

e. Snaps and clips may be used only within a primary enclosure. A clevis or stronger type chain attachment shall be used outside the primary enclosure.

5. Either a pool shall be provided or the elephant shall be washed with water daily, as weather or temperature permit.

(N) Order Hyracoidea -Hyrax

1. Limbs shall be provided for arboreal species.

2. Nest box or sheltered retreat shall be provided.

3. The floor of the cage shall be constructed of 4 inch concrete which shall be covered with dirt or natural substrate.

4. The walls of the cage shall be constructed of 1/2 inch by 1 inch mesh welded wire.

(O) Order Sirenia -Dugongs and Manatees -These animals shall be maintained in a manner that complies with 50 CFR, Part 18, Section 18.13(c).

(P) Order Perissodactyla -Tapirs, Rhinoceroses, etc.

1. The floor of the pen shall be dirt or natural substrate.

2. The walls of the pen for tapirs shall be constructed of 9 gauge chain link, or equivalent material. The walls of the enclosure for rhinoceroses shall be constructed of 6-inch reinforced concrete, 2 inch diameter steel bars, or 6-inch heavy duty galvanized steep pipe.

(Q) Order Artiodactyla -Wild Pigs, Hippopotami, Deer, Giraffes, Wild Cattle, Antelope, etc.

1. Wild Pigs and Peccaries

a. A shelter with a roof and three walls shall be provided.

b. The floor of the pen shall be dirt or natural substrate.

c. The animals shall be precluded from escape by digging.

2. Hippopotami

a. A heated barn shall be provided in any geographical area where the ambient air temperature drops below 40 degrees Fahrenheit.

b. A pool shall be provided for the Nile hippopotamus which shall have surface area of at least 300 square feet and a 35-degree nonskid ramp. The pool shall be not less than 5 feet deep. For each additional animal there shall be a 25% increase in the required pool area.

c. A pool shall be provided for the pygmy hippopotamus which shall have a surface area of at least 100 square feet with a 35-degree nonskid ramp. The pool shall be not less than 3 feet deep. For each additional animal there shall be a 25% increase in the required pool area.

d. The walls of the corral or paddock enclosure shall be constructed of 5-inch reinforced concrete or 5-inch structural grade schedule 40 galvanized steel pipe.

3. Deer, Elk, Giraffes, Wild Cattle, Antelope, and Wild Goats and Sheep.

a. The floor of the pen shall be dirt or other natural substrate.

b. All animals shall be provided with a shelter which has a roof and three walls.

Shelters for giraffes shall provide at least 140 square feet of floor space for each giraffe. A heat source shall be provided for giraffes.

c. Fences for giraffe, elk and wild cattle shall be constructed of 9 gauge woven wire or chain link with mesh not more than 6 inches in diameter or equivalent. Posts shall be of structural grade schedule 40 quality steel pipe or structurally sound 4 x 4 wood, spaced not more than 12 feet apart. A 6-foot vertical fence, with or without overhang, shall be required; a 7- foot vertical fence is required for elk.

d. Fences for deer, antelope and wild goats and sheep shall be constructed of 11 gauge woven wire with mesh not more than 6 inches in diameter or equivalent. Posts shall be of structurally sound 4x4 wood or equivalent, spaced not more than 12 feet apart. A 7-foot vertical fence is required for elk, red deer, bison, buffalo, impala, eland, antelope, goats and sheep; a 6-foot vertical fence is required for white-tailed deer, fallow deer, auodad and sika deer.

(3) Class Amphibia -Frogs, Toads, Salamanders

(A) General Requirements:

1. The animal's enclosure shall be kept within a closed and locked room or building which has covers over all drains and openings to prevent escape of the amphibians from the building. All doors shall be equipped with sweeps. Containers or exhibits shall be labeled with the identification of current species and the number of animals contained inside.

2. The rock or aquarium substrate shall be non-abrasive and shall be kept clean.

3. Any transfer containers shall have locked tops and shall be constructed in a manner which shall prevent the likelihood of escape.

(B) Family Bufonidae

1. One ten-gallon standard commercial aquarium shall be provided for one animal and an additional three-fourths of a square foot (equivalent to one 5 gallon aquarium) shall be provided for each additional animal.

2. At least one-third of the bottom of the aquarium shall be covered with water and two-thirds shall be dry.

3. Animals shall be kept at a temperature of between 60-80 degrees Fahrenheit.

(C) Family Pipidae

1. One 10 gallon standard commercial aquarium shall be provided for one animal. The minimum floor space requirement shall be increased by 50 percent for each additional animal. Water at a minimum depth of 1 foot shall cover at least the minimum floor space requirement for the number of animals confined.

2. Animals shall be confined at a temperature of between 60-80 degrees Fahrenheit.

(4) Class Reptilia

(A) Order Crocodilia -Alligators, Caimans, Crocodiles, Gavials

1. The minimum cage length and width dimensions for one animal shall be equal to one and one-half times the length of the animal by one and one-half times the length of the animal. This space requirement shall be doubled for two animals and shall be increased by a factor of two-thirds for each additional animal thereafter.

2. One-third of the minimum cage space shall be water that is deep enough for the animal to immerse itself. If more than one animal is present in the pen, the pool shall be of sufficient size that all animals can immerse themselves simultaneously. Pool surfaces shall be made of non-abrasive material and the pool shall have a drain.

3. That portion of the pen not occupied by the pool shall be covered with non-abrasive material such as dirt or grass.

4. Crocodilians, except alligators and caimans less than 4 feet in length, shall be kept in a totally enclosed building or exhibit. Animals shall be confined in a manner which precludes their coming in contact with the public. The walls of an open pen for other crocodilians shall be equivalent to at least one foot in height for every one foot in length of the largest animal up to a maximum of 6 feet high. If any of the walls are made of a climbable material such as fencing, the top 1-1/2 feet of the wall shall be constructed of a slippery, nonclimbable material for all crocodilians except alligators. The walls for all species shall be buried deep enough to prevent escape by digging, or a buried apron shall be used. The walls of an open alligator pen shall be at least 4 feet high, and the corners shall be covered to prevent climbing. The upper one-half of the walls of the enclosure shall be constructed of either concrete or concrete block or 9 gauge chain link or welded wire with no greater than 2-inch x 4-inch size mesh. Concrete or concrete block shall be used for the bottom half of the enclosure. All chain link or welded wire edges shall be smoothly secured in a manner which will prevent injury to the animals.

5. Alligators may be kept outdoors if:

a. An external heat source is provided, and the pool temperature is maintained above freezing;

b. The pool is at least three feet deep; and

c. The nighttime temperature does not fall below freezing for more than 2 consecutive nights.

6. Crocodilians other than alligators may be confined outdoors between sunrise and sunset if:

a. The air temperature is above 65 degrees Fahrenheit.

7. Crocodilians other than alligators shall not be confined outdoors between sunset and sunrise.

(B) Family Chelydridae -Snapping turtles

1. The container or exhibit shall be labeled with the common and scientific name of the species and the subspecies, if known, and the number of animals contained inside.

2. Each turtle shall be provided with a minimum floor space that is equal to five times the size of the animal.

3. At least one-half of the minimum floor space shall be water which is deep enough to immerse the turtle.

(C) Snakes -Families Elapidae, Viperidae, Colubridae and Crotalidae

1. The container or exhibit for venomous snakes shall be labeled with the common and scientific name of the species and the subspecies, if known, and the number of animals contained inside. The label shall be legibly marked with the warning “Poisonous” or “Venomous.”

2. The perimeter of the enclosure for snakes less than 6 feet shall be 1-1/2 times the length of the snake. The perimeter of the enclosure for snakes over 6 feet shall be twice the length of the snake.

3. All venomous snakes shall be kept in a locked exhibit or container which shall be located within a locked building, compound or enclosure.

4. The floor of the enclosure shall be constructed of non-abrasive material and hiding areas shall be provided.

5. At least two fully trained people shall be present when an occupied enclosure is opened or when one of these snakes is handled. The names of the trained handlers shall be listed with the department's Wildlife Protection Division in Sacramento.

6. Written animal escape “emergency procedures” shall be clearly and conspicuously posted in the building housing these snakes and shall be supplied to the department at the time the permit application is initially submitted.

7. A notice shall be clearly and conspicuously posted on the premises which shall provide the location of the nearest most readily available source of appropriate antivenin and a written plan from a hospital stating how a venomous bite should be treated. Each enclosure shall be clearly and conspicuously labeled with the appropriate antivenin to be used for the species in the cage.

8. If a snake is transported or removed from its primary enclosure for feeding or in order to clean the enclosure, the snake shall be kept in a fully enclosed container with a secure and locked lid which has air holes or other means of ventilation.

9. Snake hooks shall be present for caring for these snakes.

10. The permittee shall telephonically notify the department of any snake bite on humans or escapes of any snakes within 24 hours and shall provide a written report of the incident to the department's Wildlife Protection Division in Sacramento within one week.

(5) All other Classes, Orders, Families, Genera and species for which specific caging and/or enclosure requirements have not been provided in sections (b)(1)-(4) above shall be humanely confined in a manner which precludes escape.

(c) Incorporation by reference of the Federal Animal Welfare Regulations and Federal “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.”

Except as otherwise provided in subsections (a) and (b) above, permittees shall follow the requirements of the Federal Animal Welfare Regulations contained in 9 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Sections 2.33; 2.40; 3.75-3.85; 3.101(a)(3); and 3.136-3.142, as amended from time to time, as the United States Department of Agriculture adopts regulations pursuant to the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act and its Amendments as found at 7 United States Code (USC), Sections 2131-2157. The Commission hereby incorporates by reference the cited Federal Animal Welfare Regulations and the “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals,” (NIH Publication No. 86-23, Revised 1985) as if they were set out in full.

(d) Variances to Minimum Caging and Enclosure Requirements.

(1) The general requirements set forth in subsections (a) and (b) above are minimum standards for permanent facilities. Any deviation from these specifications because of the age of the animal being housed, the use of an unusual facility design, such as moats, islands, outdoor natural habitat enclosures, pits or barriers shall be subject to the approval of the inspecting officer with concurrence of the director. In granting any variance of the minimum caging and enclosure requirements, the inspecting officer and the director shall make a finding that the overall welfare of the animal(s) involved has been maintained.

(2) Those cat cages which substantially conform to the provisions of Section 671.3(b)(2)(K)6 on or before August 3, 1989, shall be “grandfathered in.” Existing cages, except currently approved cat cages, will be given three calendar years or until February 25, 1995 to comply with the new caging requirement set forth herein. The department may approve nonstandard cages on a case by case basis, if they substantially conform to the spatial requirements. The Regional Manager shall make a recommendation to the Chief of Patrol who will make the department's final decision. The department's final decision may be appealed to the commission.

3) These minimum facility and caging standards do not apply to wildlife temporarily maintained pursuant to Section 251.5(f) as provided by Fish and Game Code Section 3005.5.

(e) Care of Laboratory Animals. With the approval of the department, prohibited wild animals used for research purposes may be confined and cared for pursuant to the provisions of the “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals” adopted by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NIH Publication No. 86-23, Revised 1985).

(f) Regulations Manual. The facility and caging requirements specific to animals that may be lawfully possessed are provided in the DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME MANUAL 671 (2/25/92)-IMPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION AND POSSESSION OF WILD ANIMALS, which is incorporated by reference herein. Copies are available from the department's Wildlife Protection Division, 1416 Ninth Street, Box 944209, Sacramento, CA 94244-2090. Facility and caging regulations of subsection 671.3(b) contained in DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME MANUAL 671 (2/25/92) are hereby adopted and made part of this Title 14 and are thus incorporated by reference.

§ 671.4. Transportation Standards for Exhibition of Live Restricted Animals.

(a) Responsibility of Permittee. Permittees shall provide a copy of these regulations to any carrier or intermediate handler transporting wild animals. Permittees shall not transport or possess wild animals within the state for periods exceeding their exhibiting itinerary unless they provide facilities which meet the caging standards of Section 671.3 for each animal listed on their permit.

(b) Requirements for Carriers and Intermediate Handlers. (Also see subsections (d) and (f) of this Section regarding holding and food and water requirements.)

(1) Carriers and intermediate handlers shall not accept any animal presented by any person for shipment more than four hours prior to the scheduled departure of the primary conveyance on which it is to be transported.

(2) Carriers or intermediate handlers shall accept wild animals for transportation only if the transport cages are constructed in accordance with the provisions of subsection 671.4 (e)(1) below.

(3) Carriers or intermediate handlers whose facilities fail to meet the minimum temperature allowed by these regulations may not accept for transportation any live animal consigned by any person unless the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate executed by a licensed veterinarian on a date which shall not be more than 10 days prior to delivery of such animal for transportation, stating that such live animal is acclimated to air temperatures lower than 7.2<<super>>o C. (45<<super>>o F.). A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to its destination. The certificate shall include at least the following information: Name and address of the consignor; the number of animals in the shipment; a certifying statement (e.g., “I hereby certify that the animal(s) in this shipment is (are), to the best of my knowledge, acclimated to air temperatures lower than 7.2<<super>>o C (45<<super>>o F)”; and the signature of the accredited veterinarian, assigned accreditation number, and date.

(4) Carriers and handlers shall not commingle animal shipments with inanimate cargo. All animal holding areas of any carrier, handler, or any mode of conveyance shall be cleaned and sanitized often enough to prevent an accumulation of debris or excreta, to minimize vermin infestation and to prevent a disease hazard. An effective program shall be provided and maintained by the owner or operator of the holding facility for the control of insects, ectoparasites, and avian and mammalian pests for all animal holding areas. All animal-holding areas containing live animals shall be provided with fresh air by means of windows, doors, vents or an air conditioning system to minimize odors and moisture condensation. Auxiliary ventilation, such as exhaust fans and vents or fans or blowers or air conditioning shall be used for any animal-holding area containing live animals when the air temperature within such animal-holding area is not compatible with the health and comfort of the animal. The temperature shall be regulated to protect the animals from temperature extremes. Animals shall not be placed in a direct draft.

(5) Carriers and intermediate handlers shall attempt to notify the consignee at least once every two hours following the arrival of any live animals at the animal holding area of the terminal cargo facility. The time, date and method of each attempted notification and the final notification to the consignee and the name of the person notifying the consignee shall be recorded on the copy of the shipping document retained by the carrier or intermediate handler and on a copy of the shipping document accompanying the animal shipment.

(c) Conveyances (motor vehicle, rail, air, and marine).

(1) The cargo space of any conveyance used to transport live animals shall be designed and constructed to protect the health, and ensure the safety and comfort of the live animals contained therein at all times.

(2) The animal space shall be constructed and maintained to prevent the ingress of direct engine exhaust fumes and gases from the conveyance.

(3) No live animal shall be placed in any cargo space that does not have sufficient air for normal breathing for each animal contained therein, and the transport cages shall be positioned in the animal cargo space so that each animal has sufficient air for normal breathing.

(4) Transport cages shall be positioned in the conveyance so that the animals can be quickly removed in an emergency.

(5) The interior of the animal cargo space shall be kept clean and sanitary.

(6) Live animals shall not be transported with any material, substance, (e.g., dry ice) or device which may be injurious to their health and well-being unless proper precaution is taken to prevent such injury.

(d) Handling Provisions.

(1) Carriers and handlers shall move live animals from animal holding areas to conveyances and from the conveyances to animal holding areas as expeditiously as possible. Carriers and handlers holding live animals in an animal holding area or transporting live animals from the animal holding area to the primary conveyance and from the primary conveyance to the animal holding area, including loading and unloading procedures, shall provide the following:

(A) Shelter from sunlight. Shade shall be provided to protect the animals from the direct rays of the sun. Animals shall not be subjected to surrounding air temperatures which exceed 29.5<<super>>o C. (85<<super>>o F.). The temperature shall be taken outside of the primary enclosure at a distance not to exceed 3 feet from any one of the external walls and on a level parallel to the bottom of the enclosure at a point which approximates half the distance between top and bottom of the enclosure.

(B) Shelter from rain or snow. Protection shall be provided so animals remain dry during rain or snow.

(C) Shelter from cold weather. Transport cages shall be covered to provide protection for animals when the air temperature falls below 10<<super>>o C. (50<<super>>o F.) and animals shall not be subjected to surrounding air temperatures which fall below 7.2<<super>>o C. (45<<super>>o F.). The temperature shall be taken at a distance not to exceed 3 feet from any one of the external walls of the transport cage unless such animals are accompanied by a veterinarian's certificate of acclimation to temperatures lower than 7.2<<super>>o C. (45<<super>>o F.).

(2) The transport cage shall not be handled in a manner that may cause physical or emotional trauma to the animal contained therein. Transport cages with animals inside shall not be tossed, dropped, or needlessly tilted and shall not be stacked in a manner which may reasonably be expected to result in their falling.

(e) Transport Caging Provisions. No person shall offer for transportation any live animal in a cage which does not conform to the following requirements:

(1) Cages used to transport live animals shall be constructed in such a manner that:

(A) the structural strength of the cage shall be sufficient to contain the animal and to withstand the normal rigors of transportation;

(B) the interior of the cage shall be free from any protrusions that could injure the animal contained therein;

(C) the openings of such cages shall be easily accessible at all times for emergency removal of live animals;

(D) when a primary enclosure is permanently affixed within the animal cargo space of the primary conveyance so that the front opening is the only source of ventilation for such primary enclosure, the front opening shall open directly to the outside or to an unobstructed aisle or passageway within the primary conveyance. Such front ventilation opening shall be at least 90% of the total surface area of the front wall of the primary enclosure and covered with bars, wire mesh or smooth expanded metal.

If there are ventilation openings located on two opposite walls of the primary enclosure, the ventilation openings on each wall shall be at least 16 percent of the total surface area of each such wall; or, if there are ventilation openings located on all four walls of the primary enclosure, the ventilation openings on each such wall shall be at least 8 percent of the surface area of each such wall. At least one-third of the total minimum area required for ventilation of the primary enclosure shall be located on the lower one-half of the primary enclosure and at least one-third of the total minimum area required for ventilation of the primary enclosure shall be located on the upper one-half of the primary enclosure. Projecting rims or other devices shall be placed on the exterior of the outside walls to prevent obstruction of ventilation openings and to provide a minimum air circulation space of 1.9 centimeters (.75 inch) between the primary enclosure and any adjacent cargo or conveyance wall; and

(E) adequate handholds or other devices for lifting shall be provided on the exterior of the cage to enable lifting of the enclosure without tilting and to ensure that the person handling the cage will not be in contact with the animal.

(2) Animals transported in the same cage shall be of the same species and maintained in compatible groups. Animals that have not reached puberty shall not be transported in the same cage with adult animals other than their dams. Socially dependent animals (e.g., sibling, dam, and other members of a family group) shall be allowed visual and olfactory contact. Any female animal in season (estrus) shall not be transported in the same cage with any male animal.

(3) Transport cages shall be as set forth below. In the event, however, the provisions of 9 CFR, Sections 3.85-3.91, Sections 3.112-3.118 and Sections 3.136-3.142 are met, the requirements of this subsection shall be deemed satisfied.

(A) All Animals Except Primates Traveling for Performances or Exhibition.

Minimum length: cages shall be at least 1-1/4 times the body length of quadruped (four-legged) animals, excluding the tail, or long enough for other animal species to lie down and get up normally.

Minimum height: cages shall be at least the full height of the animal plus 2 inches (antlers included in body height).

Minimum width: except for hoofstock, cages shall be at least 1-1/2 times the body width of the animal. For hoofstock, the width of the cages shall be consistent to the needs of the animal to ensure its safe delivery.

(B) Primates Traveling for Performance and Exhibition.

Minimum length: cages shall be at least equal to the length of the animal as measured from the buttocks to the top of the head.

Minimum height: cages shall be at least 1-1/2 times the height of the primate when it is in its natural posture.

Minimum width: cages shall be at least equal to the length of the animal as measured from the buttocks to the top of the head. The cage shall be large enough to allow the animal to lie down.

Notwithstanding the minimum requirements above, cages for adult chimpanzees and orangutans shall be at least 4 ' long (L) x 4 ' wide (W) x 4 ' high (H) with one shelf or perch. When not traveling, an exercise cage of at least 6 ' (L) x 4 ' (W) x 6 ' (H) shall be provided for a minimum of four hours per day. For adult small monkeys and baboons, cages shall be at least 3 ' (L) x 3 ' (W) x 4 ' (H). When not traveling, an exercise cage of at least 4 ' (L) x 4 ' (W) x 6 ' (H) shall be provided for a minimum of four hours per day. Primates less than one year of age shall be transported in a cage of such size and construction which ensures its safe delivery.

(C) Immediately upon arrival at a destination, animals traveling for performances or exhibition shall be placed in a space equal to 1/3 the minimum permanent space required for that species. Notwithstanding the foregoing, animals which are regularly exercised by exhibitors shall be permitted to remain in their transportation cages provided the permittee's veterinarian certifies that such cages provide sufficient space for the animal once it has arrived at a destination. The department shall bring to the immediate attention of the commission any circumstances where in the opinion of the department's officer, proper care is not being provided.

Animals not used in performances or exercised regularly shall be placed in a space equal to 1/2 the minimum permanent space required for that species. Elephants accompanied by an attendant may be staked out in a roped off area which excludes the public.

(4) Transport cages shall have solid bottoms to prevent leakage in shipment and shall be cleaned and disinfected pursuant to subsections 671.2(a)(4) and (5). Transport cages shall contain clean litter of a suitable absorbent material, which is safe and nontoxic to the animals, in sufficient quantity to absorb and cover excrement.

(5) Transport cages consigned to carriers and intermediate handlers shall be clearly marked on top and on all sides with the words “Live Wild Animal” in letters not less than 1 inch in height, and with arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position of the container.

(6) Documents accompanying the shipment consigned to carriers and intermediate handlers shall be attached in an accessible location on the outside of one transport cage.

(f) Care in Transit.

(1) To minimize the distress to animals during surface transportation, the driver shall visually inspect the animals at least once every 4 hours to assure that the animals are not in obvious physical distress and to provide for any needed veterinary care as soon as possible. When transported by air, animals shall be observed if the cargo space is accessible during flight. If the cargo space is not accessible during flight, the carrier shall visually observe the animals whenever the cargo space is accessible to assure that all applicable standards are being complied with and to determine whether any of the live animals are in obvious physical distress.

(2) Animals shall not be taken from their cage except under extreme emergency.

(3) Food and water requirements while in transit.

(A) All live animals shall be offered potable water within 4 hours prior to being transported. Any person who transports live animals shall provide potable water to all animals being transported at least every 12 hours after such transportation is initiated except as directed by a veterinarian or in the case of hibernation. Animals requiring more water shall be treated appropriately.

(B) Each animal shall be fed at least once in each 24-hour period, except as directed by a veterinarian. Predators are to be separated when feeding. Animals requiring more food shall be treated appropriately.

(C) Any person who offers animals to any carrier or intermediate handler for transportation shall comply with the provisions of subsection 671.1(a)(4) and shall affix to the outside of the transportation cage written instructions pursuant to subsections 671.4(f)(3)(A) and (B) concerning the food and water requirements of each animal.

(D) No carrier or intermediate handler shall accept any live animals for transportation unless written instructions concerning the food and water requirements of each animal are affixed to the outside of the cage.

§ 671.5. Disposition of Violations Related to Possession of Wild Animals.

(a) Any live bird or mammal that is (1) designated as a furbearer, game, nongame, fully protected, threatened, or endangered animal or is of a species native to California, and (2) possessed in violation of Fish and Game Code section 3005.5 or regulations adopted pursuant thereto, shall be seized by the department. An animal that is seized may be taken to another location by the department or seized in place.

(b) Any person who, in violation of the provisions of the Fish and Game Code or regulations adopted pursuant thereto, brings into this state or transports or possesses within this state any live wild animal other than those specified in subdivision (a) may, upon written notice from an enforcing officer, be authorized to exercise one of the following options within the time and by the method specified by the enforcing officer, to have the animal (1) transferred to an appropriately permitted facility, (2) transferred out of the state, or (3) humanely destroyed. The exercise of any such option shall be under the direction and control of the enforcing officer and at the expense of the owner or possessor. If the owner or possessor fails to exercise such option within the time specified by the enforcing officer, the department shall thereafter seize the animal. An animal that is seized may be taken to another location by the enforcing officer or seized in place.

(c) Once an animal is seized pursuant to subsection (a) or (b), the enforcing officer may: (1) transfer the animal to an appropriate facility, (2) transfer the animal out of the state, (3) humanely destroy the animal, or (4) for animals specified in subsection (a) only, release the animal to the wild. Costs associated with the seizure, care, holding, transfer and destruction of the animal will, at the discretion of the department, be at the expense of the owner or possessor. Failure to pay these costs may result in an action for cost recovery and civil penalties pursuant to Fish and Game Code section 2125.

§ 671.6. Release of Animals into the Wild.

(a) No person shall release into the wild without written permission of the commission any wild animal (as defined by Section 2116 of the Fish and Game Code), including domestically reared stocks of such animal, which:

(1) is not native to California;

(2) is found to be diseased, or there is reason to suspect may have the potential for disease;

(3) may be genetically detrimental to agriculture or to native wildlife; or

(4) has not been successfully introduced prior to 1955.

(b) no permission will be granted to any person to release to the wild state turkeys that have been domestically reared for propagation or hunting purposes, except as provided in subsection 600(i)(4) of these regulations. Only wild trapped turkeys trapped from the wild by the Department may be released into the wild.

(c) Every person who releases Barbary partridges, Turkish or Greek chukar partridges; French, Spanish or Arabian red-legged partridges; and/or bobwhite or coturnix quail into the wild shall have a valid permit signed by the director of the department before making such a release. Persons desiring to release such birds shall submit an application showing the number and sex of birds to be released, the location of the proposed release, and the proposed date of such release.

At the time of release of such birds, the department may require that they shall be banded by the permittee with appropriate bands furnished by the department. The department may require a report giving the age, sex and number of the individual birds released.

(d) Application for the introduction of all non-native birds or animals, except those birds cited in subsection 671.6(c), shall be made to the commission on forms supplied by the department.