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Eagle Act: Related Statutes

Statute Name	Citation	Summary
CA - Hunting - Taking of Migratory Nongame Birds	CA FISH & G � 3513	California law reiterates that it is illegal to take or possess any bird or its parts that is listed under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, of which the eagle is listed. For discussion of federal Eagle Act, see Detailed Discussion.
US - Golden Eagle - Protection	Public Law 87-884; 76 Stat. 1246 (1962)	This public law amended the Eagle Protection Act by adding golden eagles as a protected species under the Act. The Joint Resolution states that the golden eagle was added under the Act not only because it too faced extinction, but its listing would further protect the bald eagle, as the two species are sometimes mistaken for each other. For further discussion, see the Eagle Act Detailed Discussion.
US - Native American - American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIFRA)	42 USC 1996	This act created an executive policy of respect for Native American religious ideas and practices. While it does not create any substantive right of action by a Native American, AIFRA has been used substantiate claims against federal acts that infringe the exercise of Native American religions (policy affirmed by a 1994 executive order). For discussion of federal Eagle Act, see Detailed Discussion.
US - Native American - RFRA (Religious Freedom Restoration Act)	42 USC 2000bb-1	RFRA provides that the government may not substantially burden an individual's free exercise of religion unless it is in furtherance of a compelling government interest and it is done through the least restrictive means. For discussion of federal Eagle Act, see Detailed Discussion.
US - Protection - Annotated Eagle Act	16 U.S.C. 668	The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (BGEPA) prohibits any form of taking both bald and golden eagles except as provided by permit. This annotated version links to the specific issue in a detailed discussion of the Act. For further discussion of the BGEPA in general, see Detailed Discussion of Eagle Act.
US - Protection - Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act	16 U.S.C. 668a-d	The BGEPA prohibits any form of possession or taking of both bald and golden eagles through criminal and civil sanctions as well as an enhanced penalty provision for subsequent offenses. Further, the BGEPA provides for the forfeiture of anything used to acquire eagles in violation of the statute. The statute excepts from its prohibitions on possession the use of eagles or eagle parts for exhibition, scientific, and Indian religious uses. For discussion of Eagle Act, see Detailed Discussion.