§ 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife.
Country of Origin:
United States
Agency of Origin:
United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior
National Citation:
50 C.F.R. § 17.11
Summary:
List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife
List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife
Code of Federal Regulations Currentness. Title 50. Wildlife and Fisheries. Chapter I. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior. Subchapter B. Taking, Possession, Transportation, Sale, Purchase, Barter, Exportation, and Importation of Wildlife and Plants. Part 17. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. Subpart B. Lists. § 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife.
(a) The list in this section contains the names of all species of wildlife which have been determined by the Services to be Endangered or Threatened. It also contains the names of species of wildlife treated as Endangered or Threatened because they are sufficiently similar in appearance to Endangered or Threatened species (see § 17.50 et seq.).
(b) The columns entitled "Common Name," "Scientific Name," and "Vertebrate Population Where Endangered or Threatened" define the species of wildlife within the meaning of the Act. Thus, differently classified geographic populations of the same vertebrate subspecies or species shall be identified by their differing geographic boundaries, even though the other two columns are identical. The term "Entire" means that all populations throughout the present range of a vertebrate species are listed. Although common names are included, they cannot be relied upon for identification of any specimen, since they may vary greatly in local usage. The Services shall use the most recently accepted scientific name. In cases in which confusion might arise, a synonym(s) will be provided in parentheses. The Services shall rely to the extent practicable on the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
(c) In the "Status" column the following symbols are use: "E" for Endangered, "T" for Threatened, and "E [or T] (S/A)" for similarity of appearance species.
(d) The other data in the list are nonregulatory in nature and are provided for the information of the reader. In the annual revision and compilation of this Title, the following information may be amended without public notice: the spelling of species' names, historical range, footnotes, references to certain other applicable portions of this Title, synonyms, and more current names. In any of these revised entries, neither the species, as defined in paragraph (b) of this section, nor its status may be changed without following the procedures of Part 424 of this title.
(e) The "historic range" indicates the known general distribution of the species or subspecies as reported in the current scientific literature. The present distribution may be greatly reduced from this historic range. This column does not imply any limitation on the application of the prohibitions in the Act or implementing rules. Such prohibitions apply to all individuals of the species, wherever found.
(f)(1) A footnote to the FEDERAL REGISTER publication(s) listing or reclassifying a species is indicated under the column "When Listed." Footnote numbers to §§ 17.11 and 17.12 are in the same numerical sequence, since plants and animals may be listed in the same FEDERAL REGISTER document. That document, at least since 1973, includes a statement indicating the basis for the listing, as well as the effective date(s) of said listing.
(2) The "Special rules" and "Critical habitat" columns provide a cross reference to other sections in Parts 17, 222, 226, or 227. The "Special Rules" column will also be used to cite the special rules that describe experimental populations and determine if they are essential or nonessential. Separate listing will be made for experimental populations, and the status column will include the following symbols: "XE" for an essential experimental population and "XN" for a nonessential experimental population. The term "NA" (not applicable) appearing in either of these two columns indicates that there are no special rules and/or critical habitat for that particular species. However, all other appropriate rules in Parts 17, 217-227, and 402 still apply to that species. In addition, there may be other rules in this Title that relate to such wildlife, e.g., port-of-entry requirements. It is not intended that the references in the "Special Rules" column list all the regulations of the two Services which might apply to the species or to the regulations of other Federal agencies or State or local governments.
(g) The listing of a particular taxon includes all lower taxonomic units. For example, the genus Hylobates (gibbons) is listed as Endangered throughout its entire range (China, India, and SE Asia); consequently, all species, subspecies, and populations of that genus are considered listed as Endangered for the purposes of the Act. In 1978 (43 FR 6230-6233) the species Haliaeetus leucocephalus (bald eagle) was listed as Threatened in "USA (WA, OR, MN, WI, WI, MI)" rather than its entire population; thus, all individuals of the bald eagle found in those five States are considered listed as Threatened for the purposes of the Act.
(h) The "List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife" is provided below:
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Species
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Common name Scientific name Historic range
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MAMMALS
Addax ................... Addax nasomaculatus . North Africa .........
Anoa, lowland ........... Bubalus
depressicornis
(=B. anoa
depressicornis).... Indonesia ............
Anoa, mountain .......... Bubalus quarlesi
(=B. anoa
quarlesi) ......... ......do .............
Antelope, giant sable ... Hippotragus niger
variani ........... Angola ...............
Antelope, Tibetan ....... Panthalops hodgsonii China, India, Nepal ..
Argali .................. Ovis ammon .......... Afghanistan, China,
India, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan,
Mongolia, Nepal,
Pakistan, Russia,
Tajikistan,
Uzbekistan .........
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Armadillo, giant ........ Priodontes maximus
(=giganteus) ...... Venezuela and Guyana
to Argentina .......
Armadillo, pink fairy ... Chlamyphorus
truncatus ......... Argentina ............
Ass, African wild ....... Equus asinus
(=africanus) ...... Somalia, Sudan,
Ethiopia ...........
Ass, Asian wild (=kulan,
onager) ............... Equus hemionus ...... Southwestern and
Central Asia .......
Avahi ................... Avahi (=Lichanotus)
laniger (=entire
genus)............. Malagasy Republic
(=Madagascar) ......
Aye-aye ................. Daubentonia
madagascariensis .. ......do .............
Babirusa ................ Babyrousa babyrussa . Indonesia ............
Baboon, gelada .......... Theropithecus gelada Ethiopia .............
Bandicoot, barred ....... Perameles
bougainville ...... Australia ............
Bandicoot, desert ....... Perameles eremiana .. ......do .............
Bandicoot, lesser rabbit Macrotis leucura .... ......do .............
Bandicoot, pig-footed ... Chaeropus ecaudatus . ......do .............
Bandicoot, rabbit ....... Macrotis lagotis .... ......do .............
Banteng ................. Bos javanicus
(=banteng) ........ Southeast Asia .......
Bat, Bulmer's fruit
(flying fox) .......... Aproteles bulmerae .. Papua New Guinea .....
Bat, bumblebee .......... Craseonycteris
thonglongyai ...... Thailand .............
Bat, gray ............... Myotis grisescens ... Central and
Southeastern U.S.A..
Bat, Hawaiian hoary ..... Lasiurus cinereus
semotus ........... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Bat, Indiana ............ Myotis sodalis ...... Eastern and
Midwestern U.S.A....
Bat, lesser (=
Sanborn's) long-nosed . Leptonycteris
curasoae (=
sanborni)
yerbabuenae........ U.S.A. (AZ, NM),
Mexico, Central
America.............
Bat, little Mariana
fruit ................. Pteropus tokudae .... Western Pacific
Ocean--U.S.A.
(Guam)..............
Bat, Mariana fruit
(=fanihi, Mariana
flying fox) ........... Pteropus mariannus
mariannus ......... Western Pacific
Ocean--U.S.A. (GU,
MP) ................
Bat, Mexican long-nosed . Leptonycteris
nivalis ........... U.S.A. (NM, TX),
Mexico, Central
America.............
Bat, Ozark big-eared .... Plecotus townsendii
ingens ............ U.S.A. (AR, MO, OK) ..
Bat, Rodrigues fruit
(flying fox) .......... Pteropus rodricensis Indian
Ocean--Rodrigues
Island .............
Bat, Singapore roundleaf
horseshoe ............. Hipposideros ridleyi Malaysia .............
Bat, Virginia big-eared . Plecotus townsendii
virginianus ....... U.S.A. (KY, NC, VA,
WV) ................
Bear, American black .... Ursus americanus .... North America ........
Bear, Baluchistan ....... Ursus thibetanus
gedrosianus ....... Iran, Pakistan .......
Bear, brown ............. Ursus arctos arctos . Palearctic ...........
Do .................... Ursus arctos
pruinosus ......... China (Tibet) ........
Bear, grizzly ........... Ursus arctos
horribilis ........ North America ........
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Bear, Louisiana black ... Ursus americanus
luteolus .......... U.S.A. (LA, MS, TX) ..
Bear, Mexican grizzly ... Ursus arctos (=U.a.
nelsoni) .......... Holartic .............
Beaver .................. Castor fiber birulai Mongolia .............
Bighorn sheep,
(Peninsular Ranges
population) ........... Ovis canadensis ..... U.S.A. (western
conterminous
states), Canada
(southwest), Mexico
(north) ............
Bison, wood ............. Bison bison
athabascae ........ Canada, northwestern
U.S.A...............
Bobcat .................. Felis rufus
escuinapae ........ Central Mexico .......
Bontebok (antelope) ..... Damaliscus dorcas
dorcas ............ South Africa .........
Camel, Bactrian ......... Camelus bactrianus
(=ferus) .......... Mongolia, China ......
Caribou, woodland ....... Rangifer tarandus
caribou ........... U.S.A. (AK, ID, ME,
MI, MN, MT, NH, VT,
WA, WI), Canada.....
Cat, Andean ............. Felis Jacobita ...... Chile, Peru, Bolivia,
Argentina ..........
Cat, black-footed ....... Felis nigripes ...... Southern Africa ......
Cat, flat-headed ........ Felis planiceps ..... Malaysia, Indonesia ..
Cat, Iriomote ........... Felis (Mayailurus)
iriomotensis ...... Japan (Iriomote
Island, Ryukyu
Islands) ...........
Cat, leopard ............ Felis bengalensis
bengalensis ....... India, Southeast Asia
Cat, marbled ............ Felis marmorata ..... Nepal, Southeast
Asia, Indonesia ....
Cat, Pakistan sand ...... Felis margarita
scheffeli ......... Pakistan .............
Cat, Temminck's (=golden
cat) .................. Felis temmincki ..... Nepal, China,
Southeast Asia,
Indonesia
(Sumatra)...........
Cat, tiger .............. Felis tigrinus ...... Costa Rica to
northern Argentina .
Chamois, Apennine ....... Rupicapra rupicapra
ornata ............ Italy ................
Cheetah ................. Acinonyx jubatus .... Africa to India ......
Chimpanzee .............. Pan troglodytes ..... Africa-see
17.40(c)(3) ........
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Chimpanzee, pygmy ....... Pan paniscus ........ Zaire ................
Chinchilla .............. Chinchilla
brevicaudata
boliviana ......... Bolivia ..............
Civet, Malabar
large-spotted ......... Viverra megaspila
civettina ......... India ................
Cochito (=Gulf of
California harbor
porpoise).............. Phocoena sinus ...... Mexico (Gulf of
California) ........
Cougar, eastern ......... Felis concolor
couguar ........... Eastern North America
Deer, Bactrian .......... Cervus elaphus
bactrianus ........ Tajikistan,
Uzbekistan,
Afghanistan ........
Deer, Barbary ........... Cervus elaphus
barbarus .......... Morocco, Tunisia,
Algeria ............
Deer, Bawean ............ Axis (=Cervus)
porcinus kuhli .... Indonesia ............
Deer, Cedros Island mule Odocoileus hemionus
cedrosensis ....... Mexico (Cedros
Island) ............
Deer, Columbian
white-tailed .......... Odocoileus
virginianus
leucurus .......... U.S.A. (WA, OR) ......
Deer, Corsican red ...... Cervus elaphus
corsicanus ........ Corsica, Sardinia ....
Deer, Eld's
brow-antlered ......... Cervus eldi ......... India to Southeast
Asia ...............
Deer, Formosan sika ..... Cervus nippon
taiouanus ......... Taiwan ...............
Deer, hog ............... Axis (=Cervus)
porcinus
annamiticus ....... Thailand, Indochina ..
Deer, key ............... Odocoileus
virginianus
clavium ........... U.S.A. (FL) ..........
Deer, marsh ............. Blastocerus
dichotomus ........ Argentina, Uruguay,
Paraguay, Bolivia,
Brazil..............
Deer, McNeill's ......... Cervus elaphus
macneilii ......... China (Sinkiang,
Tibet) .............
Deer, musk .............. Moschus spp. (all
species) .......... Central and Eastern
Asia ...............
Deer, North China sika .. Cervus nippon
mandarinus ........ China (Shantung and
Chihli Provinces) ..
Deer, pampas ............ Ozotoceros
bezoarticus ....... Brazil, Argentina,
Uruguay, Bolivia,
Paraguay............
Deer, Persian fallow .... Dama dama
mesopotamica ...... Iraq, Iran ...........
Deer, Philippine ........ Axis (=Cervus)
porcinus
calamianensis...... Philippines (Calamian
Islands) ...........
Deer, Ryukyu sika ....... Cervus nippon
keramae ........... Japan (Ryukyu
Islands) ...........
Deer, Shansi sika ....... Cervus nippon
grassianus ........ China (Shansi
Province) ..........
Deer, South China sika .. Cervus nippon
kopschi ........... Southern China .......
Deer, swamp
(=barasingha) ......... Cervus duvauceli .... India, Nepal .........
Deer, Visayan ........... Cervus alfredi ...... Philippines ..........
Deer, Yarkand ........... Cervus elaphus
yarkandensis ...... China (Sinkiang) .....
Dhole (=Asiatic wild
dog) .................. Cuon alpinus ........ C.I.S., Korea, China,
India, Southeast
Asia................
Dibbler ................. Antechinus apicalis . Australia ............
Dog, African wild ....... Lycaon pictus ....... Sub-Saharan Africa ...
Dolphin, Chinese river
(=whitefin) ........... Lipotes vexillifer .. China ................
Dolphin, Indus River .... Platanista minor .... Pakistan (Indus R.
and tributaries) ...
Drill ................... Papio leucophaeus ... Equatorial West
Africa .............
Dugong .................. Dugong dugon ........ East Africa to
southern Japan,
including Palau ....
Duiker, Jentink's ....... Cephalophus jentinki Sierra Leone,
Liberia, Ivory
Coast ..............
Eland, Western giant .... Taurotragus
derbianus
derbianus ......... Senegal to Ivory
Coast ..............
Elephant, African ....... Loxodonta africana .. Africa ...............
Elephant, Asian ......... Elephas maximus ..... South-central and
Southeastern Asia ..
Ferret. black-footed .... Mustela nigripes .... Western U.S.A.,
Western Canada .....
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Fox, Northern swift ..... Vulpes velox hebes .. U.S.A. (northern
plains), Canada ....
Fox, San Joaquin kit .... Vulpes macrotis
mutica ............ U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Fox, San Miguel Island .. Urocyon littoralis
littoralis ........ U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Fox, Santa Catalina
Island ................ Urocyon littoralis
catalinae ......... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Fox, Santa Cruz Island .. Urocyon littoralis
santacruzae ....... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Fox, Santa Rosa Island .. Urocyon littoralis
santarosae ........ U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Fox, Simien ............. Canis (Simenia)
simensis .......... Ethiopia .............
Gazelle, Arabian ........ Gazella gazella ..... Arabian Peninsula,
Palestine, Sinai ...
Gazelle, Clark's
(=Dibatag) ............ Ammodorcas clarkei .. Somalia, Ethiopia ....
Gazelle, Cuvier's ....... Gazella cuvieri ..... Morocco, Algeria,
Tunisia ............
Gazelle, dama ........... Gazella dama ........ North Africa .........
Gazelle, Moroccan
(=Dorcas) ............. Gazella dorcas
massaesyla ........ Morocco, Algeria,
Tunisia ............
Gazelle, Pelzeln's ...... Gazella dorcas
pelzelni .......... Somalia ..............
Gazelle, sand ........... Gazella subgutturosa
marica ............ Jordan, Arabian
Peninsula ..........
Gazelle, Saudi Arabian .. Gazella dorcas
saudiya ........... Israel, Iraq, Jordan,
Syria, Arabian
Peninsula...........
Gazelle, slender-horned
(=Rhim) ............... Gazella leptoceros .. Sudan, Egypt,
Algeria, Libya .....
Gibbons ................. Hylobates spp.
(including
Nomascus) ......... China, India,
Southeast Asia .....
Goat, wild (=Chiltan
markhor) .............. Capra aegagrus
(=falconeri
chiltanensis)...... Southwestern Asia ....
Goral ................... Nemorhaedus goral ... East Asia ............
Gorilla ................. Gorilla gorilla ..... Central and Western
Africa .............
Ground squirrel,
northern Idaho ........ Spermophilus
brunneus brunneus . U.S.A. (ID) ..........
Hare, hispid ............ Caprolagus hispidus . India, Nepal, Bhutan .
Hartebeest, Swayne's .... Alcelaphus
buselaphus swaynei Ethiopia, Somalia ....
Hartebeest, Tora ........ Alcelaphus
buselaphus tora ... Ethiopia, Sudan,
Egypt ..............
Hog, pygmy .............. Sus salvanius ....... India, Nepal, Bhutan,
Sikkim .............
Horse, Przewalski's ..... Equus przewalskii ... Mongolia, China ......
Huemul, North Andean .... Hippocamelus
antisensis ........ Ecuador, Peru, Chile,
Bolivia, Argentina .
Huemul, South Andean .... Hippocamelus
bisulcus .......... Chile, Argentina .....
Hutia, Cabrera's ........ Capromys
angelcabrerai ..... Cuba .................
Hutia, dwarf ............ Capromys nana ....... ......do .............
Hutia, large-eared ...... Capromys auritus .... ......do .............
Hutia, little earth ..... Capromys
sanfelipensis ..... ......do .............
Hyena, Barbary .......... Hyaena hyaena
barbara ........... Morocco, Algeria,
Tunisia ............
Hyena, brown ............ Hyaena brunnea ...... Southern Africa ......
Ibex, Pyrenean .......... Capra pyrenaica
pyrenaica ......... Spain ................
Ibex, Walia ............. Capra walie ......... Ethiopia .............
Impala, black-faced ..... Aepyceros melampus
petersi ........... Namibia, Angola ......
Indri ................... Indri indri (=entire
genus) ............ Malagasy Republic
(=Madagascar) ......
Jaguar .................. Panthera onca ....... U.S.A. (AZ, CA, LA,
NM, TX), Mexico,
Central and South
America ............
Jaguarundi .............. Felis yagouaroundi
cacomitli ......... U.S.A. (TX), Mexico ..
Do .................... Felis yagouaroundi
fossata ........... Mexico, Nicaragua ....
Do .................... Felis yagouaroundi
panamensis ........ Nicaragua, Costa
Rica, Panama .......
Do .................... Felis yagouaroundi
tolteca ........... U.S.A. (AZ), Mexico ..
Kangaroo rat, Fresno .... Dipodomys nitraoides
exilis ............ U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Kangaroo rat, giant ..... Dipodomys ingens .... ......do .............
Kangaroo rat, Morro Bay . Dipodomys heermanni
morroensis ........ ......do .............
Kangaroo rat, San
Bernardino Merriam's .. Dipodomys merriami
parvus ............ U.S.A., CA ...........
Kangaroo rat, Stephens' . Dipodomys stephensi
(incl. D. cascus) . ......do .............
Kangaroo rat, Tipton .... Dipodomys
nitratoides
nitratoides ....... ......do .............
Kangaroo, Tasmanian
forester .............. Macropus giganteus
tasmaniensis ...... Australia (Tasmania) .
Koala ................... Phascolarctos
cinereus .......... Australia ............
Kouprey ................. Bos sauveli ......... Vietnam, Laos,
Cambodia, Thailand .
Langur, capped .......... Presbytis pileata ... India, Burma,
Bangladesh .........
Langur, Douc ............ Pygathrix nemaeus ... Cambodia, Laos,
Vietnam ............
Langur, entellus ........ Presbytis entellus .. China (Tibet), India,
Pakistan, Kashmir,
Sri Lanka, Sikkim,
Bangladesh..........
Langur, Francois' ....... Presbytis francoisi . China (Kwangsi),
Indochina ..........
Langur, golden .......... Presbytis geei ...... India (Assam), Bhutan
Langur, long-tailed ..... Presbytis potenziani Indonesia ............
Langur, Pagi Island ..... Nasalis (Simias)
concolor .......... ......do .............
Langur, purple-faced .... Presbytis senex ..... Sri Lanka ............
Lechwe, red ............. Kobus leche ......... Southern Africa ......
Lemurs .................. Lemuridae (incl.
genera) Lemur,
Phaner, Hapalemur,
Lepilemur,
Microcebus,
Allocebus,
Cheirogaleus,
Varecia............ Malagasy Republic
(=Madagascar) ......
Leopard ................. Panthera pardus ..... Africa, Asia .........
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Leopard, clouded ........ Neofelis nebulosa ... Southeastern and
south-central Asia,
Taiwan..............
Leopard, snow ........... Panthera uncia ...... Central Asia .........
Linsang, spotted ........ Prionodon pardicolor Nepal, Assam,
Vietnam, Cambodia,
Laos, Burma.........
Lion, Asiatic ........... Panthera leo persica Turkey to India ......
Lion, mountain .......... Felis concolor (all
subsp. except
coryl)............. Canada to South
America ............
Loris, lesser slow ...... Nycticebus pygmaeus . Indochina ............
Lynx, Canada ............ Lynx canadensis ..... U.S.A. (AK, CO, ID,
CO, ID, ME, MI, MN,
MT, NH, NY, OR, UT,
VT, WA, WI, WY),
Canada,
circumboreal .......
Lynx, Spanish ........... Felis (=Lynx)
pardina ........... Spain, Portugal ......
Macaque, Formosan rock .. Macaca cyclopis ..... Taiwan ...............
Macaque, Japanese ....... Macaca fuscata ...... Japan (Shikoku,
Kyushu and Honshu
Islands)............
Macaque, lion-tailed .... Macaca silenus ...... India ................
Macaque, stump-tailed ... Macaca arctoides .... India (Assam) to
southern China .....
Macaque, Toque .......... Macaca sinica ....... Sri Lanka ............
Manatee, Amazonian ...... Trichechus inunguis . South America (Amazon
R. Basin) ..........
Manatee, West African ... Trichechus
senegalensis ...... West Coast of Africa
from Senegal R. to
Cuanza R............
Manatee, West Indian
(=Florida) ............ Trichechus manatus .. U.S.A.
(southeastern),
Caribbean Sea,
South America.......
Mandrill ................ Papio sphinx ........ Equatorial West
Africa .............
Mangabey, Tana River .... Cercocebus galeritus Kenya ................
Mangabey, white-collared Cercocebus torquatus Senegal to Ghana;
Nigeria to Gabon ...
Margay .................. Felis wiedii ........ U.S.A. (TX), Central
and South America ..
Markhor, Kabal .......... Capra falconeri
megaceros ......... Afghanistan, Pakistan
Markhor, straight-horned Capra falconeri
jerdoni ........... ......do .............
Marmoset, buff-headed ... Callithrix flaviceps Brazil ...............
Marmoset, buffy
tufted-ear ............ Callithrix jacchus
aurita ............ ......do .............
Marmoset, cotton-top .... Saguinus oedipus .... Costa Rica to
Colombia ...........
Marmoset, Goeldi's ...... Callimico goeldii ... Brazil, Colombia,
Ecuador, Peru,
Bolivia ............
Marmot, Vancouver Island Marmota
vancouverensis .... Canada (Vancouver
Island) ............
Marsupial, eastern
jerboa ................ Antechinomys laniger Australia ............
Marsupial-mouse, large
desert ................ Sminthopsis
psammophila ....... ......do .............
Marsupial-mouse,
long-tailed ........... Sminthopsis
longicaudata ...... ......do .............
Marten, Formosan
yellow-throated ....... Martes flavigula
chrysospila ....... Taiwan ...............
Monkey, black colobus ... Colobus satanas ..... Equatorial Guinea,
People's Republic
of Congo, Cameroon,
Gabon...............
Monkey, black howler .... Alouatta pigra ...... Mexico, Guatemala,
Belize .............
Monkey, Diana ........... Cercopithecus diana . Coastal West Africa ..
Monkey (=langur),
Guizhou snub-nosed..... Rhinopithecus
(=Pygathrix)
brelichi .......... China ................
Monkey, howler .......... Alouatta palliata (=
villosa) .......... Mexico to South
America ............
Monkey, L'hoest's ....... Cercopithecus
Ihoesti ........... Upper Eastern Congo
R. Basin, Cameroon .
Monkey, Preuss' red
colobus ............... Colobus badius
preussi ........... Cameroon .............
Monkey, proboscis ....... Nasalis larvatus .... Borneo ...............
Monkey, red-backed
squirrel .............. Saimiri oerstedii ... Costa Rica, Panama ...
Monkey, red-bellied ..... Cercopithecus
erythrogaster ..... Western Nigeria ......
Monkey, red-eared
nose-spotted .......... Cercopithecus
erythrotis ........ Nigeria, Cameroon,
Fernando Po ........
Monkey (=langur),
Sichuan snub-nosed..... Rhinopithecus
(=Pygathrix)
roxellana ......... ......do .............
Monkey, spider .......... Ateles geoffroyi
frontatus ......... Costa Rica, Nicaragua
Do .................... Ateles geoffroyl
panamensis ........ Costa Rica, Panama ...
Monkey, Tana River red
colobus ............... Colobus rufomitratus
(=badius)
rufomitratus....... Kenya ................
Monkey (=langur), Tonkin
snub-nosed ............ Rhinopithecus
(=Pygathrix)
avunculus ......... Vietnam ..............
Monkey, woolly spider ... Brachyteles
arachnoides ....... Brazil ...............
Monkey, yellow-tailed
woolly ................ Lagothrix flavicauda Andes of northern
Peru ...............
Monkey (=langur), Yunnan
snub-nosed ............ Rhinopithecus
(=Pygathrix) bieti China ................
Monkey, Zanzibar red
colobus ............... Colobus kirki ....... Tanzania .............
Mountain beaver, Point
Arena ................. Aplodontia rufa
nigra ............. U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Mouse, Alabama beach .... Peromyscus
polionotus
ammobates ......... U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Mouse, Anastasia Island
beach ................. Peromyscus
polionotus phasma . U.S.A. (FL) ..........
Mouse, Australian native Notomys aquilo ...... Australia ............
Do .................... Zyzomys (=Notomys)
pedunculatus ...... ......do .............
Mouse, Choctawhatchee
beach ................. Peromyscus
polionotus
allophrys ......... U.S.A. (FL) ..........
Mouse, Field's .......... Pseudomys fieldi .... Australia ............
Mouse, Gould's .......... Pseudomys gouldii ... ......do .............
Mouse, Key Largo cotton . Peromyscus
gossypinus
allapaticola ...... U.S.A. (FL) ..........
Mouse, New Holland ...... Pseudomys
novaehollandiae ... Australia ............
Mouse, Pacific pocket ... Perognathus
longimembris
pacificus ......... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Mouse, Perdido Key beach Peromyscus
polionotus
trissyllepsis ..... U.S.A. (AL, FL) ......
Mouse, Preble's meadow
jumping ............... Zapus hudsonius
preblei ........... U.S.A. (CO, WY) ......
Mouse, salt marsh
harvest ............... Reithrodontomys
raviventris ....... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Mouse, Shark Bay ........ Pseudomys praeconis . Australia ............
Mouse, Shortridge's ..... Pseudomys
shortridgei ....... ......do .............
Mouse, Smoky ............ Pseudomys fumeus .... ......do .............
Mouse, southeastern
beach ................. Peromyscus
polionotus
niveiventris ...... U.S.A. (FL) ..........
Mouse, St. Andrew beach . Peromyscus
polionotus
peninsularis ...... ......do .............
Mouse, western .......... Pseudomys
occidentalis ...... Australia ............
Muntjac, Fea's .......... Muntiacus feae ...... Northern Thailand,
Burma ..............
Native-cat, eastern ..... Dasyurus viverrinus . Australia ............
Numbat .................. Myrmecobius
fasciatus ......... ......do .............
Ocelot .................. Felis pardalis ...... U.S.A. (AZ, TX) to
Central and South
America ............
Orangutan ............... Pongo pygmaeus ...... Borneo, Sumatra ......
Oryx, Arabian ........... Oryx leucoryx ....... Arabian Peninsula ....
Oryx, scimitar-horned ... Oryx dammah ......... North Africa .........
Otter, Cameroon clawless Aonyx (Paraonyx)
congica microdon .. Cameroon, Nigeria ....
Otter, giant ............ Pteronura
brasiliensis ...... South America ........
Otter, long-tailed ...... Lutra longicaudis
(incl. platensis) . ......do .............
Otter, marine ........... Lutra felina ........ Peru south to Straits
of Magellan ........
Otter, northern sea ..... Enhydra lutris
kenyoni ........... U.S.A. (AK, WA) ......
Otter, southern river ... Lutra provocax ...... Chile, Argentina .....
Otter, southern sea ..... Enhydra lutris
nereis ............ West Coast, U.S.A.
(CA, OR, WA) south
to Mexico (Baja
California).........
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Panda, giant ............ Ailuropoda
melanoleuca ....... China ................
Pangolin (=scaly
anteater) ............. Manis temmincki ..... Africa ...............
Panther, Florida ........ Felis concolor coryi U.S.A. (LA and AR
east to SC and FL) .
Planigale, little ....... Planigale ingrami
subtilissima ...... Australia ............
Planigale, southern ..... Planigale
tenuirostris ...... ......do .............
Porcupine, thin-spined .. Chaetomys
subspinosus ....... Brazil ...............
Possum, Leadbeater's .... Gymnobelideus
leadbeateri ....... ......do .............
Possum, mountain pygmy .. Burramys parvus ..... Australia ............
Possum, scaly-tailed .... Wyulda squamicaudata ......do .............
Prairie dog, Mexican .... Cynomys mexicanus ... Mexico ...............
Prairie dog, Utah ....... Cynomys parvidens ... U.S.A. (UT) ..........
Pronghorn, peninsular ... Antilocapra
americana
peninsularis ...... Mexico (Baja
California) ........
Pronghorn, Sonoran ...... Antilocapra
americana
sonoriensis ....... U.S.A. (AZ), Mexico ..
Pudu .................... Pudu pudu ........... Southern South
America ............
Puma, Costa Rican ....... Felis concolor
costaricensis ..... Nicaragua, Panama,
Costa Rica .........
Quokka .................. Setonix brachyurus .. Australia ............
Rabbit, Columbia Basin
pygmy ................. Brachylagus
idahoensis ........ U.S.A. (western
conterminous U.S.) .
Rabbit, Lower Keys ...... Sylvilagus palustris
hefneri ........... U.S.A. (FL) ..........
Rabbit, riparian brush .. Sylvilagus bachmani
riparius .......... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Rabbit, Ryukyu .......... Pentalagus furnessi . Japan (Ryukyu
Islands) ...........
Rabbit, volcano ......... Romerolagus diazi ... Mexico ...............
Rat, false water ........ Xeromys myoides ..... Australia ............
Rat, stick-nest ......... Leporillus conditor . ......do .............
Rat-kangaroo,
brush-tailed .......... Bettongia
penicillata ....... ......do .............
Rat-kangaroo, Gaimard's . Bettongia gaimardi .. ......do .............
Rat-kangaroo, Lesuer's .. Bettongia lesueur ... ......do .............
Rat-kangaroo, plain ..... Caloprymnus
campestris ........ ......do .............
Rat-kangaroo, Queensland Bettongia tropica ... ......do .............
Rhinoceros, black ....... Diceros bicornis .... Sub-Saharan Africa ...
Rhinoceros, great Indian Rhinoceros unicornis India, Nepal .........
Rhinoceros, Javan ....... Rhinoceros sondaicus Indonesia, Indochina,
Burma, Thailand,
Sikkim, Bangladesh,
Malaysia............
Rhinoceros, northern
white ................. Ceratotherium simum
cottoni ........... Zaire, Sudan, Uganda,
Central African
Republic............
Rhinoceros, Sumatran .... Dicerorhinus
(=Didermoceros)
sumatrensis........ Bangladesh to Vietnam
to Indonesia
(Borneo)............
Rice rat (=silver rice
rat) .................. Oryzomys palustris
natator (=O.
argentatus) ....... U.S.A. (FL) ..........
Saiga, Mongolian
(antelope) ............ Saiga tatarica
mongolica ......... Mongolia .............
Saki, southern beared ... Chiropotes satanas
satanas ........... Brazil ...............
Saki, white-nosed ....... Chiropotes albinasus ......do .............
Sea-lion, Steller
(=northern) ........... Eumetopias jubatus .. U.S.A. (AK, CA, OR,
WA), Canada,
Russia, North
Pacific Ocean ......
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Seal, Caribbean monk .... Monachus tropicalis . Caribbean Sea, Gulf
of Mexico ..........
Seal, guadalupe fur ..... Arctocephalus
townsendi ......... U.S.A. (Farallon
Islands of CA)
south to Mexico
(Islas
Revillagigedo)......
Seal, Hawaiian monk ..... Monachus
schauinslandi ..... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Seal, Mediterranean monk Monachus monachus ... Mediterranean,
Northwest African
Coast and Black
Sea.................
Seal, Saimaa ............ Phoca hispida
saimensis ......... Finland (Lake Saimaa)
Seledang (=Gaur) ........ Bos gaurus .......... Bangladesh, Southeast
Asia, India ........
Serow ................... Capricornis
sumatraensis ...... East Asia, Sumatra ...
Serval, Barbary ......... Felis serval
constantina ....... Algeria ..............
Shapo ................... Ovis vignei vignei .. Kashmir ..............
Sheep, bighorn .......... Ovis canadensis ..... U.S.A. (western
conterminous
States), Canada
(southwestern),
Mexico (northern) ..
Sheep, Sierra Nevada
bighorn ............... Ovis canadensis
californiana ...... U.S.A. (western
conterminous
states), Canada
(southwest), Mexico
(north) ............
Shou .................... Cervus elaphus
wallichi .......... Tibet, Bhutan ........
Shrew, Buena Vista Lake . Sorex ornatus
relictus .......... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Siamang ................. Symphalangus
syndactylus ....... Malaysia, Indonesia ..
Sifakas ................. Propithecus spp...... Malagasy Republic
(=Madagascar) ......
Sloth, Brazilian
three-toed ............ Bradypus torquatus .. Brazil ...............
Solenodon, Cuban ........ Solenodon
(Atopogale)
cubanus ........... Cuba .................
Solenodon, Haitian ...... Solenodon paradoxus . Dominican Republic,
Haiti ..............
Squirrel, Carolina
northern flying ....... Glaucomys sabrinus
coloratus ......... U.S.A. (NC, TN) ......
Squirrel, Delmarva
Peninsula fox ......... Sciurus niger
cinereus .......... U.S.A. (Delmarva
Peninsula to
southeastern PA)....
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Squirrel, Mount Graham
red ................... Tamiasciurus
hudsonicus
grahamensis ....... U.S.A. (AZ) ..........
Squirrel, Virginia
northern flying ....... Glaucomys sabrinus
fuscus ............ U.S.A. (VA, WV) ......
Stag, Barbary ........... Cervus elaphus
barbarus .......... Tunisia, Algeria .....
Stag, Kashmir ........... Cervus elaphus
hanglu ............ Kashmir ..............
Suni, Zanzibar .......... Neotragus
(Nesotragus)
moschatus
moschatus.......... Zanzibar (and nearby
islands) ...........
Tahr, Arabian ........... Hemitragus jayakari . Oman .................
Tamaraw ................. Bubalus mindorensis . Philippines ..........
Tamarin (=marmoset),
golden-rumped
(=golden-headed)....... Leontopithecus
(=Leontideus) spp.. Brazil ...............
Tamarin, pied ........... Saguinus bicolor .... ......do .............
Tamarin, white-footed ... Saguinus leucopus ... Colombia .............
Tapir, Asian ............ Tapirus indicus ..... Burma, Laos,
Cambodia, Vietnam,
Malaysia,
Indonesia,
Thailand............
Tapir, Brazilian ........ Tapirus terrestris .. Colombia and
Venezuela south to
Paraguay and
Argentina...........
Tapir, Central American . Tapirus bairdii ..... Southern Mexico to
Colombia and
Ecuador.............
Tapir, mountain ......... Tapirus pinchaque ... Colombia, Ecuador and
possibly Peru and
Venezuela...........
Tarsier, Philippine ..... Tarsius syrichta .... Philippines ..........
Tiger ................... Panthera tigris ..... Temperate and
Tropical Asia ......
Tiger, Tasmanian
(=Thylacine) .......... Thylacinus
cynocephalus ...... Australia ............
Uakari (all species) .... Cacajao spp. (all
species) .......... Peru, Brazil,
Ecuador, Colombia,
Venezuela...........
Urial ................... Ovis musimon
(=orientalis)
ophion ............ Cyprus ...............
Vicuna .................. Vicugna vicugna ..... Argentina, Bolivia,
Chile, Ecuador,
Peru ...............
Do .................... ......Do ............ ......Do .............
Vole, Amargosa .......... Microtus
californicus
scirpensis ........ U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Vole, Florida salt marsh Microtus
pennsylvanicus
dukecampbelli ..... U.S.A. (FL) ..........
Vole, Hualapai Mexican .. Microtus mexicanus
hualpaiensis ...... U.S.A. (AZ) ..........
Wallaby, banded hare .... Lagostrophus
fasciatus ......... Australia ............
Wallaby, brindled
nail-tailed ........... Onychogalea fraenata ......do .............
Wallaby, crescent
nail-tailed ........... Onychogalea lunata .. ......do .............
Wallaby, Parma .......... Macropus parma ...... ......do .............
Wallaby, Western hare ... Lagorchestes
hirsutus .......... ......do .............
Wallaby, yellow-footed
rock .................. Petrogale xanthopus . ......do .............
Whale, blue ............. Balaenoptera
musculus .......... Oceanic ..............
Whale, bowhead .......... Balaena mysticetus .. Oceanic (north
latitudes only) ....
Whale, finback .......... Balaenoptera
physalus .......... Oceanic ..............
Whale, gray ............. Eschrichtius
robustus .......... North Pacific
Ocean--coastal and
adjacent seas.
Formerly North
Atlantic Ocean .....
Whale, humpback ......... Megaptera
novaeangliae ...... Oceanic ..............
Whale, killer ........... Orcinus orca ........ Pacific Ocean ........
Whale, North Atlantic
right ................. Eubalaena glacialis . Oceanic ..............
Whale, North Pacific
right ................. Eubalaena japonica .. ...do ................
Whale, Southern right ... Eubalaena australis . ...do ................
Whale, Sei .............. Balaenoptera
borealis .......... ...do ................
Whale, sperm ............ Physeter
macrocephalus
(=catodon) ........ ...do ................
Wolf, gray .............. Canis lupus ......... Holarctic ............
Do .................... ...do ............... ...do ................
Do .................... ...do ............... ...do ................
Wolf, maned ............. Chrysocyon
brachyurus ........ Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Paraguay,
Uruguay.............
Wolf, red ............... Canis rufus ......... U.S.A. (SE U.S.A.,
west to central TX)
Do .................... ...do ............... ...do ................
Wombat, hairy-nosed
(=Barnard's and
Queensland
hairy-nosed)........... Lasiorhinus krefftii
(formerly L.
barnardi and L.
gillespiei)........ Australia ............
Woodrat, Key Largo ...... Neotoma floridana
smalli ............ U.S.A. (FL) ..........
Woodrat, riparian (San
Joaquin Valley) ....... Neotoma fuscipes
riparia ........... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Yak, wild ............... Bos grunniens mutus . China (Tibet), India .
Zebra, Grevy's .......... Equus grevyi ........ Kenya, Ethiopia,
Somalia ............
Zebra, Hartmann's
mountain .............. Equus zebra
hartmannae ........ Namibia, Angola ......
Zebra, mountain ......... Equus zebra zebra ... South Africa .........
BIRDS
'Akepa, Hawaii
(honeycreeper) ........ Loxops coccineus
coccineus ......... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
'Akepa, Maui
(honeycreeper) ........ Loxops coccineus
ochraceus ......... ......do .............
'Akialoa, Kauai
(honeycreeper) ........ Hemignathus procerus ......do .............
'Akiapola'au
(honeycreeper) ........ Hemignathus munroi
(=wilsoni) ........ ......do .............
Albatross, Amsterdam .... Diomedia
amsterdamensis .... Indian
Ocean--Amsterdam
Island .............
Albatross, short-tailed . Phoebastria
(=Diomedea)
albatrus .......... North Pacific Ocean
and Bering
Sea-Canada, China,
Japan, Mexico,
Russia, Taiwan,
U.S.A. (AK, CA, HI,
OR, WA) ............
Alethe, Thyolo .......... Alethe choloensis ... Malawi, Mozambique ...
Blackbird,
yellow-shouldered ..... Agelaius xanthomus .. U.S.A. (PR) ..........
Bobwhite, masked (quail) Colinus virginianus
ridgwayi .......... U.S.A. (AZ), Mexico
(Sonora) ...........
Booby, Abbott's ......... Sula abbotti ........ Indian
Ocean--Christmas
Island .............
Bristlebird, western .... Dasyornis
brachypterus
longirostris ...... ......................
Bristlebird, western
rufous ................ Dasyornis broadbenti
littoralis ........ Australia ............
Bulbul, Mauritius
olivaceous ............ Hypsipetes
borbonicus
olivaceus ......... Indian
Ocean--Mauritius ...
Bullfinch, Sao Miguel
(finch) ............... Pyrrhula pyrrhula
murina ............ Eastern Atlantic
Ocean--Azores ......
Bush-shrike, Ulugurua ... Malaconotus alius ... Tanzania .............
Bushwren, New Zealand ... Xenicus longipes .... New Zealand ..........
Bustard, great Indian ... Choriotis nigriceps . India, Pakistan ......
Cahow (=Bermuda Petrel) . Pterodroma cahow .... North Atlantic
Ocean--Bermuda .....
Caracara, Audubon's
crested ............... Polyborus plancus
audubonii ......... U.S.A. (AZ, FL, LA,
NM, TX) south to
Panama; Cuba........
Condor, Andean .......... Vultur gryphus ...... Colombia to Chile and
Argentina ..........
Condor, California ...... Gymnogyps
californianus ..... U.S.A. (AZ, CA, OR,
UT), Mexico (Baja
California) ........
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Coot, Hawaiian
(='alae-ke'oke'o) ..... Fulica americana
alai .............. U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Cotinga, banded ......... Cotinga maculata .... Brazil ...............
Cotinga, white-winged ... Xipholena
atropurpurea ...... ......do .............
Crane, black-necked ..... Grus nigricollis .... China (Tibet) ........
Crane, Cuba sandhill .... Grus canadensis
nesiotes .......... West Indies--Cuba ....
Crane, hooded ........... Grus monacha ........ Japan, Russia ........
Crane, Japanese ......... Grus japonensis ..... China, Japan, Korea,
Russia .............
Crane, Mississippi
sandhill .............. Grus canadensis
pulla ............. U.S.A. (MS) ..........
Crane, Siberian white ... Grus leucogeranus ... C.I.S. (Siberia) to
India, including
Iran and China......
Crane, white-naped ...... Grus vipio .......... Mongolia .............
Crane, whooping ......... Grus americana ...... Canada, U.S.A. (Rocky
Mountains east to
Carolinas), Mexico .
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Creeper, Hawaii ......... Oreomystis (=Loxops)
mana .............. U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Creeper, Molokai
(=kakawahie) .......... Paroreomyza
(=Oreomystis,
=Loxops) flammea... ......do .............
Creeper, Oahu
(=alauwahio) .......... Paroreomyza
(=Oreomystis,
=Loxops) maculata.. ......do .............
Crow, Hawaiian (='alala) Corvus hawaiiensis
(=tropicus) ....... ......do .............
Crow, Mariana ........... Corvus kubaryi ...... Western Pacific Ocean
USA (Guam, Rota) ...
Crow, white-necked ...... Corvus
leucognaphalus .... U.S.A. (PR),
Dominican Republic,
Haiti ..............
Cuckoo-shrike, Mauritius Coquus (=Coracina)
typicus ........... Indian
Ocean--Mauritius ...
Cuckoo-shrike, Reunion .. Coquus (=Coracina)
newtoni ........... Indian Ocean--Reunion
Curassow, razor-billed .. Mitu (=Crax) mitu
mitu .............. Brazil (Eastern) .....
Curassow, red-billed .... Crax blumenbachii ... Brazil ...............
Curassow, Trinidad
white-headed .......... Pipile pipile pipile West Indies--Trinidad
Curlew, Eskimo .......... Numenius borealis ... Alaska and northern
Canada to
Argentina...........
Dove, cloven-feathered .. Drepanoptila
holosericea ....... Southwest Pacific
Ocean--New
Caledonia...........
Dove, Grenada
gray-fronted .......... Leptotila rufaxilla
wellsi ............ West Indies--Grenada .
Duck, Hawaiian (=koloa) . Anas wyvilliana ..... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Duck, Laysan ............ Anas laysanensis .... ......do .............
Duck, pink-headed ....... Rhodonessa
caryophyllacea .... India ................
Duck, white-winged wood . Cairina scutulata ... India, Malaysia,
Indonesia, Thailand
Eagle, Greenland
white-tailed .......... Haliaeetus albicilla
groenlandicus ..... Greenland and
adjacent Atlantic
islands.............
Eagle, harpy ............ Harpia harpyja ...... Mexico south to
Argentina ..........
Eagle, Madagascar sea ... Haliaeetus
vociferoides ...... Madagascar ...........
Eagle, Madagascar
serpent ............... Eutriorchis astur ... ......do .............
Eagle, Philippine
(=monkey-eating) ...... Pithecophaga
jefferyi .......... Philippines ..........
Eagle, Spanish imperial . Aquila heliaca
adalberti ......... Spain, Morocco,
Algeria ............
Egret, Chinese .......... Egretta eulophotes .. China, Korea .........
Eider, spectacled ....... Somateria
(=Arctonetta,
=Lampronetta,)
fischeri .......... USA (AK); Russia .....
Eider, Steller's ........ Polysticta stelleri . USA (AK); Russia .....
Elepaio, Oahu ........... Chasiempis
sandwichensis
ibidis (Chasiempis
sandwichensis
gayi) ............. U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Falcon, Eurasian
peregrine ............. Falco peregrinus
peregrinus ........ Europe, Eurasia south
to Africa and
Mideast.............
Falcon, northern
aplomado .............. Falco femoralis
septentrionalis ... U.S.A. (AZ, NM, TX),
Mexico, Guatemala ..
Falcon, northern
aplomado .............. Falco femoralis
septentrionalis ... U.S.A. (AZ, NM, TX),
Mexico, Guatemala ..
Finch, Laysan
(honeycreeper) ........ Telespyza
(=Psittirostra)
cantans ........... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Finch, Nihoa
(honeycreeper) ........ Telespyza
(=Psittirostra)
ultima ............ ......do .............
Flycatcher, Euler's ..... Empidonax euleri
johnstonei ........ West Indies--Grenada .
Flycatcher, Seychelles
paradise .............. Terpsiphone corvina . Indian
Ocean--Seychelles ..
Flycatcher, southwestern
willow ................ Empidonax traillii
extimus ........... U.S.A. (AZ, CA, CO,
NM, TX, UT), Mexico
Flycatcher, Tahiti ...... Pomarea nigra ....... South Pacific
Ocean--Tahiti ......
Fody, Mauritius ......... Foudia rubra ........ Indian
Ocean--Mauritius ...
Fody, Rodrigues ......... Foudia flavicans .... Indian
Ocean--Rodrigues
(Mauritius Island) .
Fody, Seychelles
(weaver-finch) ........ Foudia sechellarum .. Indian
Ocean--Seychelles ..
Francolin, Djibouti ..... Francolinus
ochropectus ....... Djibouti .............
Frigatebird, Andrew's ... Fregata andrewsi .... East Indian Ocean ....
Gnatcatcher, coastal
California ............ Polioptila,
californica
californica ....... U.S.A. (CA), Mexico ..
Goose, Hawaiian (=nene) . Nesochen (=Branta)
sandvicensis ...... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Goshawk, Christmas
Island ................ Accipiter fasciatus
natalis ........... Indian
Ocean--Christmas
Island .............
Grackle, slender-billed . Quisicalus
(=Cassidix)
palustris ......... Mexico ...............
Grasswren, Eyrean
(flycatcher) .......... Amytornis goyderi ... Australia ............
Grebe, Alaotra .......... Tachybaptus
rufoflavatus ...... Madagascar ...........
Grebe, Atitlan .......... Podilymbus gigas .... Guatemala ............
Greenshank, Nordmann's .. Tringa guttifer ..... Russia, Japan, south
to Malaya, Borneo...
Guan, horned ............ Oreophasis derbianus Guatemala, Mexico ....
Guan, white-winged ...... Penelope albipennis . Peru .................
Guineafowl,
white-breasted ........ Agelastes
meleagrides ....... West Africa ..........
Gull, Audouin's ......... Larus audouinii ..... Mediterranean Sea ....
Gull, relict ............ Larus relictus ...... India, China .........
Hawk, Anjouan Island
sparrow ............... Accipiter francesii
pusillus .......... Indian Ocean--Comoro
Islands ............
Hawk, Galapagos ......... Buteo galapagoensis . Ecuador (Galapagos
Islands) ...........
Hawk, Hawaiian (=io) .... Buteo solitarius .... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Hawk, Puerto Rican
broad-winged .......... Buteo platypterus
brunnescens ....... U.S.A. (PR) ..........
Hawk, Puerto Rican
sharp-shinned ......... Accipiter striatus
venator ........... ......do .............
Hermit, hook-billed
(hummingbird) ......... Glaucis (=Ramphodon)
dohrnii ........... Brazil ...............
Honeycreeper, crested
(='akohekohe) ......... Palmeria dolei ...... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Honeyeater, helmeted .... Meliphaga cassidix .. Australia ............
Hornbill, helmeted ...... Rhinoplax vigil ..... Thailand, Malaysia ...
[FN1] Ibis, giant ....... Pseudibis gigantea .. Cambodia, Lao PDR,
Thailand, Vietnam ..
Ibis, Japanese crested .. Nipponia nippon ..... China, Japan, Russia,
Korea ..............
Ibis, northern bald ..... Geronticus eremita .. Southern Europe,
southwestern Asia,
northern Africa.....
Scrub-jay, Florida ...... Aphelocoma
coerulescens....... U.S.A. (FL) ..........
Kagu .................... Rhynochetos jubatus . South Pacific
Ocean--New
Caledonia ..........
Kakapo (=owl-parrot) .... Strigops habroptilus New Zealand ..........
Kestrel, Mauritius ...... Falco punctatus ..... Indian
Ocean--Mauritius ...
Kestrel, Seychelles ..... Falco araea ......... Indian
Ocean--Seychelles
Islands ............
Kingfisher, Guam
Micronesian ........... Halcyon cinnamomina
cinnamomina ....... Western Pacific Ocean
USA (Guam) .........
Kite, Cuba hook-billed .. Chondrohierax
uncinatus wilsonii West Indies--Cuba ....
Kite, Everglade snail ... Rostrhamus
sociabilis
plumbeus .......... U.S.A. (FL), Cuba ....
Kite, Grenada
hook-billed ........... Chondrohierax
uncinatus mirus ... West Indies--Grenada .
Kokako (wattlebird) ..... Callaeas cinerea .... New Zealand ..........
Lark, Raso .............. Alauda razae ........ Atlantic Ocean--Raso
Island (Cape Verde)
Macaw, glaucous ......... Anodorhynchus
glaucus ........... Paraguay, Uruguay,
Brazil .............
Macaw, indigo ........... Anodorhynchus leari . Brazil ...............
Macaw, little blue ...... Cyanopsitta spixii .. ......do .............
Magpie-robin, Seychelles
(thrush) .............. Copsychus
sechellarum ....... Indian
Ocean--Seychelles
Islands ............
Malimbe, Ibadan ......... Malimbus ibadanensis Nigeria ..............
Malkoha, red-faced
(cuckoo) .............. Phaenicophaeus
pyrrhocephalus .... Sri Lanka (=Ceylon) ..
Megapode, Maleo ......... Macrocephalon maleo . Indonesia (Celebes) ..
Megapode, Micronesian
(=La Perouse's)........ Megapodius laperouse West Pacific
Ocean--Palau
Island, U.S.A.
(Mariana Islands)...
Millerbird, Nihoa (old
world warbler) ........ Acrocephalus
familiaris kingi .. U.S.A. (HI) ..........
[FN1] Mockingbird,
Socorro ............... Mimus Graysoni ...... Mexico ...............
Moorhen (=gallinule),
Hawaiian common........ Gallinula chloropus
sandvicensis ...... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Moorhen (=gallinule),
Mariana common......... Gallinula chloropus
guami ............. West Pacific
Ocean--U.S.A.
(Guam, Tinian,
Saipan, Pagan)......
Murrelet, marbled ....... Brachyramphus
marmoratus
marmoratus ........ U.S.A. (AK, CA, OR,
WA), Canada (B.C.)..
Nightjar, Puerto Rican
(=whip-poor-will)...... Caprimulgus
noctitherus ....... U.S.A. (PR) ..........
Nukupu'u (honeycreeper) . Hemignathus lucidus . U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Nuthatch, Algerian ...... Sitta ledanti ....... Algeria ..............
'O'o, Kauai (='o'o 'a'a)
(honeyeater) .......... Moho braccatus ...... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
'O'u (honeycreeper) ..... Psittirostra
psittacea ......... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Ostrich, Arabian ........ Struthio camelus
syriacus .......... Jordan, Saudi Arabia .
Ostrich, West African ... Struthio camelus
spatzi ............ Spanish Sahara .......
Owl, Anjouan scops ...... Otus rutilus
capnodes .......... Indian Ocean--Comoro
Island .............
Owl, giant scops ........ Otus gurneyi ........ Philippines--Marindu-
que and Mindanao
Island..............
Owl, Madagascar red ..... Tyto soumagnei ...... Madagascar ...........
Owl, Mexican spotted .... Strix occidentalis
lucida ............ U.S.A. (AZ, CO, NM,
TX, UT), Mexico ....
Owl, northern spotted ... Strix occidentalis
caurina ........... U.S.A. (CA, OR, WA),
Canada (B.C.) ......
Owl, Seychelles ......... Otus insularis ...... Indian
Ocean--Seychelles
Islands ............
Owlet, Morden's
(=Sokoke) ............. Otus ireneae ........ Kenya ................
Oystercatcher, Canarian
black ................. Haematopus
meadewaldoi ....... Atlantic
Ocean--Canary
Islands ............
Palila (honeycreeper) ... Loxioides
(=Psittirostra)
bailleui .......... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
[FN1]
Paradise-flycatcher,
caerulean ............. Eutrichomyias
rowleyi ........... Indonesia ............
Parakeet, Forbes' ....... Cyanoramphus
auriceps forbesi .. New Zealand ..........
Parakeet, golden ........ Aratinga guarouba ... Brazil ...............
Parakeet,
golden-shouldered
(=hooded) ............. Psephotus
chrysopterygius ... Australia ............
Parakeet, Mauritius ..... Psittacula echo ..... Indian
Ocean--Mauritius ...
Parakeet, Norfolk Island Cyanoramphus
novaezelandiae
cookii ............ Australia (Norfolk
Island) ............
Parakeet, ochre-marked .. Pyrrhura cruentata .. Brazil ...............
Parakeet, orange-bellied Neophema
chrysogaster ...... Australia ............
Parakeet, paradise
(=beautiful) .......... Psephotus
pulcherrimus ...... ......do .............
Parakeet,
scarlet-chested
(=splendid) ........... Neophema splendida .. ......do .............
Parakeet, turquoise ..... Neophema pulchella .. ......do .............
Parrot, Australian ...... Geopsittacus
occidentalis ...... ......do .............
Parrot, Bahaman or Cuban Amazona leucocephala West Indies--Cuba,
Bahamas, Caymans....
Parrot, ground .......... Pezoporus wallicus .. Australia ............
Parrot, imperial ........ Amazona imperialis .. West Indies--Dominica
Parrot, Puerto Rican .... Amazona vittata ..... U.S.A. (PR) ..........
Parrot, red-browed ...... Amazona rhodocorytha Brazil ...............
Parrot, red-capped ...... Pionopsitta pileata . ......do .............
Parrot, red-necked ...... Amazona arausiaca ... West Indies--Dominica
Parrot, red-spectacled .. Amazona pretrei
pretrei ........... Brazil, Argentina ....
Parrot, red-tailed ...... Amazona brasiliensis Brazil ...............
Parrot, Seychelles
lesser vasa ........... Coracopsis nigra
barklyi ........... Indian
Ocean--Seychelles
(Praslin Island) ...
Parrot, St. Lucia ....... Amazona versicolor .. West Indies--St.
Lucia ..............
Parrot, St. Vincent ..... Amazona guildingii .. West Indies--St.
Vincent ............
Parrot, thick-billed .... Rhynchopsitta
pachyrhyncha ...... Mexico, U.S.A. (AZ,
NM) ................
Parrot,
vinaceous-breasted .... Amazona vinacea ..... Brazil ...............
Parrotbill, Maui
(honeycreeper) ........ Pseudonestor
xanthophrys ....... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Pelican, brown .......... Pelecanus
occidentalis ...... U.S.A (Carolinas to
TX, CA, OR, WA),
West Indies,
Coastal Central and
South America.......
Penguin, Galapagos ...... Spheniscus
mendiculus ........ Ecuador (Galapagos
Islands) ...........
Petrel, Hawaiian
dark-rumped ........... Pterodroma
phaeopygia
sandwichensis ..... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Petrel, Madeira
(=freira) ............. Pterodroma madeira .. Atlantic
Ocean--Madeira
Island .............
Petrel, Mascarene black . Pterodroma aterrima . Indian
Ocean--Mauritius
(Reunion Island) ...
Pheasant, bar-tailed .... Syrmaticus humaie ... Burma, China .........
Pheasant, Blyth's
tragopan .............. Tragopan blythii .... Burma, China, India ..
Pheasant, brown eared ... Crossoptilon
mantchuricum ...... China ................
Pheasant, Cabot's
tragopan .............. Tragopan caboti ..... ......do .............
Pheasant, cheer ......... Catreus wallichii ... India, Nepal,
Pakistan ...........
Pheasant, Chinese monal . Lophophorus lhuysii . China ................
Pheasant, Edward's ...... Lophura edwardsi .... Vietnam ..............
Pheasant, Elliot's ...... Syrmaticus ellioti .. China ................
Pheasant, imperial ...... Lophura imperialis .. Vietnam ..............
Pheasant, Mikado ........ Syrmaticus mikado ... Taiwan ...............
Pheasant, Palawan
peacock ............... Polyplectron
emphanum .......... Philippines ..........
Pheasant, Sclater's
monal ................. Lophophorus sclateri Burma, China, India ..
Pheasant, Swinhoe's ..... Lophura swinhoii .... Taiwan ...............
Pheasant, western
tragopan .............. Tragopan
melanocephalus .... India, Pakistan ......
Pheasant, white eared ... Crossoptilon
crossoptilon ...... China (Tibet), India .
Pigeon, Azores wood ..... Columba palumbus
azorica ........... East Atlantic
Ocean--Azores ......
Pigeon, Chatham Island .. Hemiphaga
novaeseelandiae
chathamensis....... New Zealand ..........
Pigeon, Mindoro
zone-tailed ........... Ducula mindorensis .. Philippines ..........
Pigeon, pink ............ Columba (=Nesoenas)
mayeri ............ Indian
Ocean--Mauritius ...
Pigeon, Puerto Rican
plain ................. Columba inornata
wetmorei .......... U.S.A. (PR) ..........
Pigeon, White-tailed
laurel ................ Columba junoniae .... Atlantic
Ocean--Canary
Islands ............
Piping-guan,
black-fronted ......... Pipile jacutinga .... Argentina ............
[FN1] Pitta, Gurney's ... Pitta gurneyi ....... Myanmar, Thailand ....
Pitta, Koch's ........... Pitta kochi ......... Philippines ..........
Plover, New Zealand
shore ................. Thinornis
novaeseelandiae ... New Zealand ..........
Plover, piping .......... Charadrius melodus .. U.S.A. (Great Lakes,
northern Great
Plains, Atlantic
and Gulf Coasts,
PR, VI) Canada,
Mexico, Bahamas,
West Indies ........
Plover, piping .......... Charadrius melodus .. U.S.A. (Great Lakes,
northern Great
Plains, Atlantic
and Gulf Coasts,
PR, VI) Canada,
Mexico, Bahamas,
West Indies ........
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Plover, Western snowy ... Charadrius
alexandrinus
nivosus ........... U.S.A. (AZ, CA, CO,
KS, NM, NV, OK, OR,
TX, UT, WA); Mexico
Pochard, Madagascar ..... Aythya innotata ..... Madagascar ...........
Po'ouli (honeycreeper) .. Melamprosops
phaeosoma ......... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Prairie-chicken,
Attwater's greater .... Tympanuchus cupido
attwateri ......... U.S.A. (TX) ..........
Pygmy-owl, cactus
ferruginous ........... Glaucidium
brasilianum
cactorum .......... U.S.A. (AZ, TX),
Mexico .............
Quail, Merriam's
Montezuma ............. Cyrtonyx montezumae
merriami .......... Mexico (Vera Cruz) ...
Quetzel, resplendent .... Pharomachrus mocinno Mexico to Panama .....
Rail, Aukland Island .... Rallus pectoralis
muelleri .......... New Zealand ..........
Rail, California clapper Rallus longirostris
obsoletus ......... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Rail, Guam .............. Rallus owstoni ...... Western Pacific
Ocean--U.S.A.
(Guam) .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Rail, light-footed
clapper ............... Rallus longirostris
levipes ........... U.S.A. (CA), Mexico
(Baja California) ..
Rail, Lord Howe wood .... Tricholimnas
sylvestris ........ Australia (Lord Howe
Island) ............
Rail, Yuma clapper ...... Rallus longirostris
yumanensis ........ Mexico, U.S.A. (AZ,
CA) ................
Rhea, Darwin's .......... Pterocnemia pennata . Argentina, Bolivia,
Peru, Uruguay ......
Robin, Chatham Island ... Petroica traversi ... New Zealand ..........
Robin, dappled mountain . Arcanator
(=Modulatrix)
orostruthus ....... Mozambique, Tanzania .
Robin, scarlet-breasted
(flycatcher) .......... Petroica multicolor
multicolor ........ Australia (Norfolk
Island) ............
Rockfowl, grey-necked ... Picathartes oreas ... Cameroon, Gabon ......
Rockfowl, white-necked .. Picathartes
gymnocephalus ..... Africa--Togo to
Sierra Leone .......
Roller, long-tailed
ground ................ Uratelornis chimaera Malagasy Republic
(=Madagascar) ......
Scrub-bird, noisy ....... Atrichornis clamosus Australia ............
Shama, Cebu black
(thrush) .............. Copsychus niger
cebuensis ......... Philippines ..........
Shearwater, Newell's
Townsend's (formerly
Manx) (='a'o).......... Puffinus auricularis
(=Puffinus)
newelli ........... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Shrike, San Clemente
loggerhead ............ Lanius ludovicianus
mearnsi ........... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Siskin, red ............. Carduelis (=Spinus)
cucullata ......... South America ........
Sparrow, Cape Sable
seaside ............... Ammodramus
(=Ammospiza)
maritimus
mirabilis.......... U.S.A. (FL) ..........
Sparrow, Florida
grasshopper ........... Ammodramus
savannarum
floridanus ........ ......do .............
Sparrow, San Clemente
sage .................. Amphispiza belli
clementeae ........ U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Starling, Ponape
mountain .............. Aplonis pelzelni .... West Pacific
Ocean--Federated
States of
Micronesia..........
Starling, Rothschild's
(myna) ................ Leucopsar
rothschildi ....... Indonesia (Bali) .....
[FN1] Stilt, black ...... Himantopus
novaezelandiae .... New Zealand ..........
Stilt, Hawaiian (=ae'o) . Himantopus mexicanus
(=himantopus)
knudseni........... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Stork, oriental white ... Ciconia ciconia
boyciana .......... China, Japan, Korea,
Russia .............
Stork, wood ............. Mycteria americana .. U.S.A., (CA, AZ, TX,
to Carolinas),
Mexico, C. and S.
America.............
Sunbird, Marungu ........ Nectarinia
prigoginei ........ Zaire ................
Swiftlet, Mariana gray
(=Vanikoro) ........... Aerodramus
vanikorensis
bartschi........... Western Pacific
Ocean--U.S.A.
(Guam, Rota,
Tinian, Saipan,
Agiguan)............
Teal, Campbell Island
flightless ............ Anas aucklandica
nesiotis .......... New Zealand (Campbell
Island) ............
Tern, California least .. Sterna antillarum
(=albifrons)
browni ............ Mexico, U.S.A. (CA) ..
Tern, least ............. Sterna antillarum ... U.S.A. (Atlantic and
Gulf coasts, Miss.
R. Basin, CA),
Greater and Lesser
Antilles, Bahamas,
Mexico; winters
Central America,
northern South
America.............
Tern, roseate ........... Sterna dougallii
dougallii ......... Tropical and
temperate coasts of
Atlantic Basin and
East Africa.........
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
[FN1] Thicketbird,
long-legged ........... Trichocichla rufa ... Fiji .................
Thrasher, white-breasted Ramphocinclus
brachyurus ........ West Indies--St.
Lucia, Martinique ..
Thrush, large Kauai ..... Myadestes
(=Phaeornis)
myadestinus ....... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Thrush, Molokai
(=oloma'o) ............ Myadestes
(=Phaeornis)
lanaiensis
(=obscurus) rutha.. ......do .............
Thrush, New Zealand
(wattlebird) .......... Turnagra capensis ... New Zealand ..........
Thrush, small Kauai
(=puaiohi) ............ Myadestes
(=Phaeornis)
palmeri ........... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Thrush, Taita ........... Turdus olivaceous
helleri ........... Kenya ................
Tinamou, solitary ....... Tinamus solitarius .. Brazil, Paraguay,
Argentina ..........
Towhee, Inyo California
(=brown) .............. Pipilo crissalis
(=fuscus)
eremophilus ....... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Trembler, Martinique
(thrasher) ............ Cinclocerthia
ruficauda
gutturalis ........ West
Indies--Martinique .
Turaco, Bannerman's ..... Tauraco bannermani .. Cameroon .............
Turtle-dove, Seychelles . Streptopelia
picturata rostrata Indian
Ocean--Seycelles ...
Vanga, Pollen's ......... Xenopirostris
polleni ........... Madagascar ...........
Vanga, Van Dam's ........ Xenopirostris damii . ......do .............
Vireo, black-capped ..... Vireo atricapillus .. U.S.A. (KS, LA, NE,
OK, TX), Mexico ....
Vireo, least Bell's ..... Vireo bellii
pusillus .......... U.S.A. (CA), Mexico ..
Wanderer, plain
(collared-hemipode) ... Pedionomous
torquatus ......... Australia ............
Warbler (Old World),
Rodrigues ............. Bebrornis
rodericanus ....... Mauritius (Rodrigues
Islands) ...........
Warbler (wood),
Bachman's ............. Vermivora bachmanii . U.S.A.(Southeastern),
Cuba ...............
Warbler (wood), Barbados
yellow ................ Dendroica petechia
petechia .......... West Indies--Barbados
Warbler (wood),
golden-cheeked ........ Dendroica
chrysoparia ....... U.S.A. (TX), Mexico,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Nicaragua, Belize...
Warbler (wood),
Kirtland's ............ Dendroica kirtlandii U.S.A. (principally
MI), Canada, West
Indies--Bahama
Islands.............
Warbler (Old World),
Aldabra ............... Nesillas aldabranus . Indian
Ocean--Seychelles
(Aldabra Island) ...
Warbler (Old World),
nightingale reed ...... Acrocephalus
luscinia .......... West Pacific
Ocean--U.S.A.
(Guam, Alamagan,
Saipan).............
Warbler (wood), Semper's Leucopeza semperi ... West Indies--St.
Lucia ..............
Warbler (Old World),
Seychelles ............ Bebrornis
sechellensis ...... Indian
Ocean--Seychelles
Island .............
Wattle-eye, banded ...... Platysteira
laticincta ........ Cameroon .............
Weaver, Clarke's ........ Ploceus golandi ..... Kenya ................
Whipbird, Western ....... Psophodes
nigrogularis ...... Australia ............
White-eye, bridled ...... Zosterops
conspicillatus
conspicillatus .... Western Pacific
Ocean--U.S.A.
(Guam) .............
White-eye, Norfolk
Island ................ Zosterops
albogularis ....... Indian Ocean--Norfolk
Islands ............
White-eye, Ponape
greater ............... Rukia longirostra
(=sanfordi) ....... West Pacific
Ocean--Federated
States of
Micronesia..........
White-eye, Rota bridled . Zosterops rotensis .. Western Pacific
Ocean-U.S.A
(Commonwealth of
the Northern
Mariana Islands) ...
White-eye, Seychelles ... Zosterops modesta ... Indian
Ocean--Seychelles ..
Woodpecker, imperial .... Campephilus
imperialis ........ Mexico ...............
Woodpecker, ivory-billed Campephilus
principalis ....... U.S.A. (southcentral
and southeastern),
Cuba................
Woodpecker, red-cockaded Picoides
(=Dendrocopos)
borealis .......... U.S.A. (southcentral
and southeastern) ..
Woodpecker, Tristam's ... Dryocopus javensis
richardsi ......... Korea ................
Wren, Guadeloupe house .. Troglodytes aedon
guadeloupensis .... West
Indies--Guadeloupe .
Wren, St. Lucia house ... Troglodytes aedon
mesoleucus ........ West Indies--St.
Lucia ..............
REPTILES
Alligator, American ..... Alligator
mississippiensis .. Southeastern U.S.A....
Alligator, Chinese ...... Alligator sinensis .. China ................
Anole, Culebra Island
giant ................. Anolis roosevelti ... U.S.A. (PR--Culebra
Island) ............
Boa, Jamaican ........... Epicrates subflavus . Jamaica ..............
Boa, Mona ............... Epicrates monensis
monensis .......... U.S.A. (PR) ..........
Boa, Puerto Rican ....... Epicrates inornatus . ......do .............
Boa, Round Island [no
common name]........... Bolyeria
multocarinata ..... Indian
Ocean--Mauritius ...
Do .................... Casarea dussumieri .. ......do .............
Boa, Virgin Islands tree Epicrates monensis
granti ............ U.S. and British
Virgin Islands .....
Caiman, Apaporis River .. Caiman crocodilus
apaporiensis ...... Colombia .............
Caiman, black ........... Melanosuchus niger .. Amazon basin .........
Caiman, broad-snouted ... Caiman latirostris .. Brazil, Argentina,
Paraguay, Uruguay ..
Caiman, brown ........... Caiman crocodilus
fuscus (includes
Caiman crocodilus
chiapasius) ....... Mexico, Central
America, Colombia,
Ecuador, Venezula,
Peru ...............
Caiman, common .......... Caiman crocodilus
crocodilus ........ Brazil, Colombia,
Ecuador French
Guiana, Guyana,
Surinam, Venezuela,
Bolivia, Peru ......
Caiman, yacare .......... Caiman yacare ....... Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Paraguay ...
Chuckwalla, San Esteban
Island ................ Sauromalus varius ... Mexico ...............
Crocodile, African dwarf Osteolaemus
tetraspis
tetraspis ......... West Africa ..........
Crocodile, African
slender-snouted ....... Crocodylus
cataphractus ...... Western and central
Africa .............
Crocodile, American ..... Crocodylus acutus ... U.S.A. (FL), Mexico,
Caribbean, Central
and South America ..
Do .................... do .................. do ...................
Crocodile, Ceylon mugger Crocodylus palustris
kimbula ........... Sri Lanka ............
Crocodile, Congo dwarf .. Osteolaemus
tetraspis osborni . Congo R. drainage ....
Crocodile, Cuban ........ Crocodylus rhombifer Cuba .................
Crocodile, Morelet's .... Crocodylus moreletii Mexico, Belize,
Guatemala ..........
Crocodile, mugger ....... Crocodylus palustris
palustris ......... India, Pakistan,
Iran, Bangladesh ...
Crocodile, Nile ......... Crocodylus niloticus Africa, Middle East ..
Crocodile, Orinoco ...... Crocodylus
intermedius ....... South
America--Orinoco R.
Basin ..............
Crocodile, Philippine ... Crocodylus
novaeguineae
mindorensis........ Philippine Islands ...
Crocodile, saltwater
(=estuarine) .......... Crocodylus porosus .. Southeast Asia,
Australia, Papua,
New Guinea, Pacific
Islands (Palau).....
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Crocodile, Siamese ...... Crocodylus siamensis Southeast Asia, Malay
Peninsula ..........
Gavial (=gharial) ....... Gavialis gangeticus . Pakistan, Burma,
Bangladesh, India,
Nepal...............
Gecko, day .............. Phelsuma
edwardnewtoni ..... Indian
Ocean--Mauritius ...
Gecko, Monito ........... Sphaerodactylus
micropithecus ..... U.S.A. (PR) ..........
Gecko, Round Island day . Phelsuma guentheri .. Indian
Ocean--Mauritius ...
Gecko, Serpent Island ... Cyrtodactylus
serpensinsula ..... ......do .............
Iguana, Acklins ground .. Cyclura rileyi
nuchalis .......... West Indies--Bahamas .
Iguana, Allen's Cay ..... Cyclura cychlura
inornata .......... ......do .............
Iguana, Andros Island
ground ................ Cyclura cychlura
cychlura .......... ......do .............
Iguana, Anegada ground .. Cyclura pinguis ..... West Indies--British
Virgin Islands
(Anegada Island)....
Iguana, Barrington land . Conolophus pallidus . Ecuador (Galapagos
Islands) ...........
Iguana, Cayman Brac
ground ................ Cyclura nubila
caymanensis ....... West Indies--Cayman
Islands ............
Iguana, Cuban ground .... Cyclura nubila
nubila ............ Cuba .................
Iguana, Exuma Island .... Cyclura cychlura
figginsi .......... West Indies--Bahamas .
Iguana, Fiji banded ..... Brachylophus
fasciatus ......... Pacific--Fiji, Tonga .
Iguana, Fiji crested .... Brachylophus
vitiensis ......... Pacific--Fiji ........
Iguana, Grand Cayman
ground ................ Cyclura nubila
lewisi ............ West Indies--Cayman
Islands ............
Iguana, Jamaican ........ Cyclura collei ...... West Indies--Jamaica .
Iguana, Mayaguana ....... Cyclura carinata
bartschi .......... West Indies--Bahamas .
Iguana, Mona ground ..... Cyclura stejnegeri .. U.S.A. (PR--Mona
Island) ............
Iguana, Turks and Caicos Cyclura carinata
carinata .......... West Indies--Turks
and Caicos Islands .
Iguana, Watling Island
ground ................ Cyclura rileyi
rileyi ............ West Indies--Bahamas .
Iguana, White Cay ground Cyclura rileyi
cristata .......... ......do .............
Lizard, blunt-nosed
leopard ............... Gambelia
(=Crotaphytus)
silus ............. U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Lizard, Coachella Valley
fringe-toed ........... Uma inornata ........ ......do .............
Lizard, Hierro giant .... Gallotia simonyi
simonyi ........... Spain (Canary
Islands) ...........
Lizard, Ibiza wall ...... Podarcis pityusensis Spain (Balearic
Islands) ...........
Lizard, Island night .... Xantusia
(=Klauberina)
riversiana ........ U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Lizard, Maria Island
ground ................ Cnemidophorus vanzoi West Indies--St.
Lucia (Maria
Islands) ...........
Lizard, St. Croix ground Ameiva polops ....... U.S.A. (VI) ..........
Monitor, Bengal ......... Varanus bengalensis . Iran, Iraq, India,
Sri Lanka,
Malaysia,
Afghanistan, Burma,
Vietnam, Thailand...
Monitor, desert ......... Varanus griseus ..... North Africa to Aral
Sea, through
Central Asia to
Pakistan, Northwest
India...............
Monitor, Komodo Island .. Varanus komodoensis . Indonesia (Komodo,
Rintja, Padar, and
western Flores
Island).............
Monitor, yellow ......... Varanus flavescens .. West Pakistan through
India to
Bangladesh..........
Python, Indian .......... Python molurus
molurus ........... Sri Lanka and India ..
Rattlesnake, Aruba
Island ................ Crotalus unicolor ... Aruba Island
(Netherland
Antilles) ..........
Rattlesnake, New Mexican
ridge-nosed ........... Crotalus willardi
obscurus .......... U.S.A. (NM), Mexico ..
Skink, bluetail
(=blue-tailed) mole ... Eumeces egregius
lividus ........... U.S.A. (FL) ..........
Skink, Round Island ..... Leiolopisma telfairi Indian
Ocean--Mauritius ...
Skink, sand ............. Neoseps reynoldsi ... U.S.A. (FL) ..........
Snake, Atlantic salt
marsh ................. Nerodia clarkii
(=fasciata)
taeniata .......... ......do .............
Snake, Concho water ..... Nerodia
paucimaculata
(=harteri p.) ..... U.S.A. (TX) ..........
Snake, copperbelly water Nerodia
erythrogaster
neglecta .......... U.S.A. (IL, IN, KY,
MI, OH) ............
Snake, eastern indigo ... Drymarchon corais
couperi ........... U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA,
MS, SC) ............
Snake, giant garter ..... Thamnophis gigas .... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Snake, Lake Erie water .. Nerodia sipedon
insularum ......... U.S.A. (OH), Canada
(Ont.) .............
Snake, Maria Island ..... Liophus ornatus ..... West Indies--St.
Lucia (Maria
Islands) ...........
Snake, San Francisco
garter ................ Thamnophis sirtalis
tetrataenia ....... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Tartaruga ............... Podocnemis expansa .. South
America--Orinoco R.
and Amazon R.
basins..............
Terrapin, river
(=Tuntong) ............ Batagur baska ....... Malaysia, Bangladesh,
Burma, India,
Indonesia...........
Tomistoma ............... Tomistoma schlegelii Malaysia, Indonesia ..
Tortoise, angulated ..... Geochelone yniphora . Malagasy Republic
(=Madagascar) ......
Tortoise, Bolson ........ Gopherus
flavomarginatus ... Mexico ...............
Tortoise, desert ........ Gopherus
(=Xerobates,
=Scaptochelys)
agassizii.......... U.S.A. (AZ, CA, NV,
UT), Mexico ........
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Tortoise, Galapagos ..... Geochelone
elephantopus ...... Ecuador (Galapagos
Islands) ...........
Tortoise, gopher ........ Gopherus polyphemus . U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA,
LA, MS, SC) ........
Tortoise, radiated ...... Geochelone
(=Testudo) radiata Malagasy Republic
(=Madagascar) ......
Tracaja ................. Podocnemis unifilis . South
America--Orinoco R.
and Amazon R.
basins..............
Tuatara ................. Sphenodon punctatus . New Zealand ..........
Tuatara, Brother's
Island ................ Sphenodon guntheri .. New Zealand (N.
Brother Is.) .......
Turtle, Alabama redbelly
(=red-bellied) ........ Pseudemys
alabamensis ....... U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Turtle, aquatic box ..... Terrapene coahuila .. Mexico ...............
Turtle, black softshell . Trionyx nigricans ... Bangladesh ...........
Turtle, bog
(=Muhlenberg) ......... Clemmys muhlenbergii U.S.A. (CT, DE, GA,
MD, MA, NC, NJ, NY,
PA, SC, TN, VA) ....
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Turtle, Brazilian
(=Hoge's) sideneck .... Phrynops hogei ...... Brazil ...............
Turtle, Burmese peacock . Morenia ocellata .... Burma ................
Turtle, Cat Island ...... Trachemys terrapen .. West Indies--Jamaica,
Bahamas ............
Turtle, Central American
river ................. Dermatemys mawii .... Mexico, Belize,
Guatemala ..........
Turtle, Cuatro Cienegas
softshell ............. Trionyx ater ........ Mexico ...............
Turtle, flattened musk .. Sternotherus
depressus ......... U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Turtle, geometric ....... Psammobates
(=Geochelone)
geometricus........ South Africa .........
Turtle, green sea ....... Chelonia mydas ...... Circumglobal in
tropical and
temperate seas and
oceans..............
Do .................... Chelonia nydas
(incl. agassizi) .. ......do .............
Turtle, hawksbill sea
(=carey) .............. Eretmochelys
imbricata ......... Tropical seas ........
Turtle, Inagua Island ... Trachemys stejnegeri
malonei ........... West Indies--Bahamas
(Great Inagua
Island).............
Turtle, Indian sawback .. Kachuga tecta tecta . India ................
Turtle, Indian softshell Trionyx gangeticus .. Pakistan, India ......
Turtle, Kemp's
(=Atlantic) ridley sea Lepidochelys kempii . Tropical and
temperate seas in
Atlantic Basin,
incl. Gulf of
Mexico..............
Turtle, leatherback sea . Dermochelys coriacea Tropical, temperate,
and subpolar seas ..
Turtle, loggerhead sea .. Caretta caretta ..... Circumglobal in
tropical and
temperate seas and
oceans..............
Turtle, olive (=Pacific)
ridley sea ............ Lepidochelys
olivacea .......... Circumglobal in
tropical and
temperate seas......
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Turtle, peacock
softshell ............. Trionyx hurum ....... India, Bangladesh ....
Turtle, Plymouth
redbelly
(=red-bellied) ........ Pseudemys
(=Chrysemys)
rubriventris
bangsi............. U.S.A. (MA) ..........
Turtle, ringed map
(=sawback) ............ Graptemys oculifera . U.S.A. (LA, MS) ......
Turtle, short-necked or
western swamp ......... Pseudemydura umbrina Australia ............
Turtle, South American
red-lined ............. Trachemys scripta
callirostris ...... Colombia, Venezuela ..
Turtle, spotted pond .... Geoclemys (=Damonia)
hamiltonii ........ North India, Pakistan
Turtle, three-keeled
Asian ................. Melanochelys
(=Geoemyda,
=Nicoria)
tricarinata........ Central India to
Bangladesh and
Burma...............
Turtle, yellow-blotched
map (=sawback) ........ Graptemys
flavimaculata ..... U.S.A. (MS) ..........
Viper, Lar Valley ....... Vipera latifii ...... Iran .................
Whipsnake, Alameda
(=striped racer) ...... Masticophis
lateralis
euryxanthus ....... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
AMPHIBIANS
Coqui, golden ........... Eleutherodactylus
jasperi ........... U.S.A. (PR) ..........
Frog, California
red-legged ............ Rana aurora
draytonii ......... U.S.A. (CA), Mexico ..
Frog, Chiricahua leopard Rana chiricahuensis . U.S.A. (AZ, NM),
Mexico .............
Frog, Goliath ........... Conraua goliath ..... Cameroon, Equatorial
Guinea, Gabon ......
Frog, Israel painted .... Discoglossus
nigriventer ....... Israel ...............
Frog, Mississippi gopher Rana capitol sevosa . U.S.A. (AL, FL, LA,
MS) ................
Frog, mountain
yellow-legged
(southern California
DPS) .................. Rana muscosa ........ U.S.A. (California,
Nevada) ............
Frog, Panamanian golden . Atelopus varius
zeteki ............ Panama ...............
Frog, Stephen Island .... Leiopelma hamiltoni . New Zealand ..........
Guajon .................. Eleutherodactylus
cooki ............. U.S.A. (PR) ..........
Salamander, Barton
Springs ............... Eurycea sosorum ..... U.S.A. (TX) ..........
Salamander, California
tiger ................. Ambystoma
californiense ..... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Salamander, Cheat
Mountain .............. Plethodon nettingi .. U.S.A. (WV) ..........
Salamander, Chinese
giant ................. Andrias davidianus
davidianus ........ Western China ........
Salamander, desert
slender ............... Batrachoseps aridus . U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Salamander, flatwoods ... Ambystoma cingulatum U.S.A. (AL, FL,GA,SC)
Salamander, Japanese
giant ................. Andrias davidianus
japonicus ......... Japan ................
Salamander, Red Hills ... Phaeognathus
hubrichti ......... U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Salamander, San Marcos .. Eurycea nana ........ U.S.A. (TX) ..........
Salamander, Santa Cruz
long-toed ............. Ambystoma
macrodactylum
croceum ........... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Salamander, Shenandoah .. Plethodon shenandoah U.S.A. (VA) ..........
Salamander, Sonora tiger Ambystoma tigrinum
stebbinsi ......... U.S.A. (AZ), Mexico ..
Salamander, Texas blind . Typhlomolge rathbuni U.S.A. (TX) ..........
Toad, arroyo (= arroyo
south-western) ........ Bufo californicus ... U.S.A. (CA), Mexico ..
Toad, Cameroon .......... Bufo superciliaris .. Equatorial Africa ....
Toad, Houston ........... Bufo houstonensis ... U.S.A. (TX) ..........
Toad, Monte Verde ....... Bufo periglenes ..... Costa Rica ...........
Toad, Puerto Rican
crested ............... Peltophryne lemur ... U.S.A. (PR), British
Virgin Islands .....
Toad, Wyoming ........... Bufo hemiophrys
baxteri ........... U.S.A. (WY) ..........
Toads, African
viviparous ............ Nectophrynoides spp.. Tanzania, Guinea,
Ivory Coast,
Cameroon, Liberia,
Ethiopia............
FISHES
Ala Balik (trout) ....... Salmo platycephalus . Turkey ...............
Ayumodoki (loach) ....... Hymenophysa (=Botia)
curta ............. Japan ................
Blindcat, Mexican
(catfish) ............. Prietella
phreatophila ...... Mexico ...............
Bonytongue, Asian ....... Scleropages formosus Thailand, Indonesia,
Malaysia ...........
Catfish [no common name] Pangasius
sanitwongsei ...... Thailand .............
Catfish, giant .......... Pangasianodon gigas . ......do .............
Catfish, Yaqui .......... Ictalurus pricei .... U.S.A. (AZ), Mexico ..
Cavefish, Alabama ....... Speoplatyrhinus
poulsoni .......... U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Cavefish, Ozark ......... Amblyopsis rosae .... U.S.A. (AR, MO, OK) ..
Chub, bonytail .......... Gila elegans ........ U.S.A. (AZ, CA, CO,
NV, UT, WY) ........
Chub, Borax Lake ........ Gila boraxobius ..... U.S.A. (OR) ..........
Chub, Chihuahua ......... Gila nigrescens ..... U.S.A. (NM), Mexico
(Chihuahua) ........
Chub, Gila .............. Gila intermedia ..... U.S.A. (AZ, NM),
Mexico .............
Chub, humpback .......... Gila cypha .......... U.S.A. (AZ, CO, UT,
WY) ................
Chub, Hutton tui ........ Gila bicolor ssp..... U.S.A. (OR) ..........
Chub, Mohave tui ........ Gila bicolor
mohavensis ........ U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Chub, Oregon ............ Oregonichthys
(=Hybopsis)
crameri ........... U.S.A. (OR) ..........
Chub, Owens tui ......... Gila bicolor snyderi U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Chub, Pahranagat
roundtail (=bonytail) . Gila robusta jordani U.S.A. (NV) ..........
Chub, slender ........... Erimystax cahni ..... U.S.A. (TN, VA) ......
Do .................... ......do ........... ......do ............
Chub, Sonora ............ Gila ditaenia ....... U.S.A., (AZ), Mexico .
Chub, spotfin
(=turquoise shiner) ... Erimonax monachus ... U.S.A. (AL, GA, NC,
TN, VA) ............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Chub, Virgin River ...... Gila robusta
seminuda .......... U.S.A. (AZ, NV, UT) ..
Chub, Yaqui ............. Gila purpurea ....... U.S.A. (AZ), Mexico ..
Cicek (minnow) .......... Acanthorutilus
handlirschi ....... Turkey ...............
Cui-ui .................. Chasmistes cujus .... U.S.A. (NV) ..........
Dace, Ash Meadows
speckled .............. Rhinichthys osculus
nevadensis ........ ......do .............
Dace, blackside ......... Phoxinus
cumberlandensis ... U.S.A. (KY, TN) ......
Dace, Clover Valley
speckled .............. Rhinichthys osculus
oligoporus ........ U.S.A. (NV) ..........
Dace, desert ............ Eremichthys acros ... ......do .............
Dace, Foskett speckled .. Rhinichthys osculus
ssp................ U.S.A. (OR) ..........
Dace, Independence
Valley speckled ....... Rhinichthys osculus
lethoporus ........ U.S.A. (NV) ..........
Dace, Kendall Warm
Springs ............... Rhinichthys osculus
thermalis ......... U.S.A. (WY) ..........
Dace, Moapa ............. Moapa coriacea ...... U.S.A. (NV) ..........
Darter, amber ........... Percina antesella ... U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN) ..
Darter, bayou ........... Etheostoma rubrum ... U.S.A. (MS) ..........
Darter, bluemask
(=jewel) .............. Etheostoma
(Doration) sp...... U.S.A. (TN) ..........
Darter, boulder ......... Etheostoma wapiti
U.S.A. (AL, TN) ... Entire, except where
listed as an
experimental
population .........
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Darter, Cherokee ........ Etheostoma
(Ulocentra) sp..... U.S.A. (GA) ..........
Darter, duskytail ....... Etheostoma percnurum U.S.A. (TN, VA) ......
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Darter, Etowah .......... Etheostoma etowahae . U.S.A. (GA) ..........
Darter, fountain ........ Etheostoma fonticola U.S.A. (TX) ..........
Darter, goldline ........ Percina aurolineata . U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN) ..
Darter, leopard ......... Percina pantherina .. U.S.A. (AR, OK) ......
Darter, Maryland ........ Etheostoma sellare .. U.S.A. (MD) ..........
Darter, Niangua ......... Etheostoma nianguae . U.S.A. (MO) ..........
Darter, Okaloosa ........ Etheostoma okaloosae U.S.A. (FL) ..........
Darter, relict .......... Etheostoma
(Catonotus)
chienense ......... U.S.A. (KY) ..........
Darter, slackwater ...... Etheostoma boschungi U.S.A. (AL, TN) ......
Darter, snail ........... Percina tanasi ...... U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN) ..
Darter vermilion ........ Etheostoma chermocki U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Darter, watercress ...... Etheostoma nuchale .. U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Gambusia, Big Bend ...... Gambusia gaigei ..... U.S.A. (TX) ..........
Gambusia, Clear Creek ... Gambusia heterochir . ......do .............
Gambusia, Pecos ......... Gambusia nobilis .... U.S.A. (NM, TX) ......
Gambusia, San Marcos .... Gambusia georgei .... U.S.A. (TX) ..........
Goby, tidewater ......... Eucyclogobius
newberryi ......... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Logperch, Conasauga ..... Percina jenkinsi .... U.S.A. (GA, TN) ......
Logperch, Roanoke ....... Percina rex ......... U.S.A. (VA) ..........
Madtom, Neosho .......... Noturus placidus .... U.S.A. (KS, MO, OK) ..
Madtom, pygmy ........... Noturus stanauli .... U.S.A. (TN) ..........
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Madtom, Scioto .......... Noturus trautmani ... U.S.A. (OH) ..........
Madtom, smoky ........... Noturus baileyi ..... U.S.A. (TN) ..........
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Madtom, yellowfin ....... Noturus flavipinnis . U.S.A. (TN, VA) ......
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Minnow, Devils River .... Dionda diaboli ...... U.S.A. (TX), Mexico ..
Minnow, loach ........... Tiaroga
(=Rhinichthys)
cobitis ........... U.S.A. (AZ, NM)
Mexico .............
Minnow, Rio Grande
silvery ............... Hybognathus amarus .. U.S.A. (NM, TX),
Mexico .............
Nekogigi (catfish) ...... Coreobagrus
ichikawai ......... Japan ................
Poolfish (=Killifish),
Pahrump ............... Empetrichthys latos . U.S.A. (NV) ..........
Pupfish, Ash Meadows
Amargosa .............. Cyprinodon
nevadensis
mionectes ......... ......do .............
Pupfish, Comanche
Springs ............... Cyprinodon elegans .. U.S.A. (TX) ..........
Pupfish, desert ......... Cyprinodon
macularius ........ U.S.A. (AZ, CA)
Mexico .............
Pupfish, Devils Hole .... Cyprinodon diabolis . U.S.A. (NV) ..........
Pupfish, Leon Springs ... Cyprinodon bovinus .. U.S.A. (TX) ..........
Pupfish, Owens .......... Cyprinodon radiosus . U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Pupfish, Warm Springs ... Cyprinodon
nevadensis
pectoralis ........ U.S.A. (NV) ..........
Salmon, Atlantic ........ Salmo salar ......... U.S.A., Canada,
Greenland, western
Europe .............
Salmon, chinook ......... Oncorhyncus
tshawytscha ....... North America from
Ventura R. in
California to Point
Hope, Alaska and
the Mackenzie R.
area in Canada,
Northeast Asia from
Hokkaido, Japan to
the Anadyr R.,
Russia .............
Salmon, chinook ......... Oncorhyncus
tshawytscha ....... North America from
Ventura R. in
California to Point
Hope, Alaska and
the Mackenzie R.
area in Canada,
Northeast Asia from
Hokkaido, Japan to
the Anadyr R.,
Russia .............
Salmon, chinook ......... Oncorhyncus
tshawytscha ....... North America from
Ventura R. in
California to Point
Hope, Alaska and
the Mackenzie R.
area in Canada,
Northeast Asia from
Hokkaido, Japan to
the Anadyr R.,
Russia .............
Salmon, chinook ......... Oncorhyncus
tshawytscha ....... North America from
Ventura R. in
California to Point
Hope, Alaska and
the Mackenzie R.
area in Canada,
Northeast Asia from
Hokkaido, Japan to
the Anadyr R.,
Russia .............
Salmon, chinook ......... Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha ....... North Pacific Basin
from U.S.A. (CA) to
Japan ..............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Salmon, chinook ......... Oncorhynchus
(=Salmo)
tshawytscha ....... North Pacific Basin
from U.S.A. (CA) to
Japan ..............
Salmon, chinook ......... Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha ....... North Pacific Basin
from U.S.A. (CA) to
Japan ..............
Salmon, chum ............ Oncorhyncus keta .... North Pacific Rim
from Korea and the
Japanese Island of
Honshu east to
Monterey Bay,
California, Arctic
Ocean from the
Laptev Sea in
Russia to Mackenzie
R. in Canada .......
Salmon, chum ............ Oncorhyncus keta .... North Pacific Rim
from Korea and the
Japanese Island of
Honshu east to
Monterey Bay,
California; Arctic
Ocean from the
Laptev Sea in
Russia to Mackenzie
R. in Canada .......
Salmon, coho ............ Oncorhynchus kisutch North Pacific Basin
from U.S.A. (CA to
AK) to Russia to
Japan ..............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Salmon, sockeye (=red,
=blueback) ............ Oncorhynchus nerka .. North Pacific Basin
from U.S.A. (CA) to
Russia..............
Salmon, sockeye ......... Oncorhyncus nerka ... North Pacific Basin
from U.S.A. (CA) to
Russia .............
Sawfish, smalltooth ..... Pristis pectinata ... North Atlantic
(Mediterranean,
U.S. Atlantic and
Gulf of Mexico) and
the Southwest
Atlantic ...........
Sculpin, pygmy .......... Cottus pygmaeus ..... U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Shiner, Arkansas River .. Notropis girardi .... U.S.A. (AR, KS, NM,
OK, TX) ............
Shiner, beautiful ....... Cyprinella
(=Notropis)
formosa ........... U.S.A. (AZ, NM),
Mexico .............
Shiner, blue ............ Cyprinella
(=Notropis)
caerulea .......... U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN) ..
Shiner, Cahaba .......... Notropis cahabae .... U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Shiner, Cape Fear ....... Notropis
mekistocholas ..... U.S.A. (NC) ..........
Shiner, Palezone ........ Notropis sp.......... U.S.A. (AL, KY, TN) ..
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose . Notropis simus
pecosensis ........ U.S.A. (NM) ..........
Shiner, Topeka .......... (Notropis topeka =
tristis) .......... U.S.A. (IA, KS, MN,
MO, NE, SD) ........
Silverside, Waccamaw .... Menidia extensa ..... U.S.A. (NC) ..........
Smelt, delta ............ Hypomesus
transpacificus .... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Spikedace ............... Meda fulgida ........ U.S.A. (AZ, NM),
Mexico .............
Spinedace, Big Spring ... Lepidomeda
mollispinis
pratensis ......... U.S.A. (NV) ..........
Spinedace, Little
Colorado .............. Lepidomeda vittata .. U.S.A. (AZ) ..........
Spinedace, White River .. Lepidomeda
albivallis ........ U.S.A. (NV) ..........
Springfish, Hiko White
River ................. Crenichthys baileyi
grandis ........... ......do .............
Springfish, Railroad
Valley ................ Crenichthys nevadae . ......do .............
Springfish, White River . Crenichthys baileyi
baileyi ........... ......do .............
Squawfish, Colorado ..... Ptychocheilus lucius U.S.A. (AZ, CA, CO,
NM, NV, UT, WY),
Mexico..............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Steelhead ............... Oncorhynchus
(=Salmo) mykiss ... North Pacific Ocean
from the Kamchatka
Peninsula in Asia
to the northern
Baja Peninsula .....
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Stickleback, unarmored
threespine ............ Gasterosteus
aculeatus
williamsoni ....... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Sturgeon, Alabama ....... Scaphirhynchus
suttkusi .......... U.S.A. (AL, MS) ......
Sturgeon, beluga ........ Huso huso ........... Azerbaijan, Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia,
Czech Republic,
Georgia, Hungary,
Islamic Republic of
Iran, Italy,
Kazakhstan,
Republic of
Moldova, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Serbia and
Montenegro, Turkey,
Turkmenistan,
Ukraine ............
Sturgeon, Gulf .......... Acipenser oxyrinchus
(=oxyrhynchus)
desotoi ........... U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA,
LA, MS) ............
Sturgeon, North America
green ................. Acipenser
medirostris ....... U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Sturgeon, pallid ........ Scaphirhynchus albus U.S.A. (AR, IA, IL,
KS, KY, LA, MO, MS,
MT, ND, NE, SD,
TN).................
Sturgeon, shortnose ..... Acipenser
brevirostrum ...... U.S.A. and Canada
(Atlantic Coast) ...
Sturgeon, white ......... Acipenser
transmontanus ..... U.S.A. (AK, CA, ID,
MT, OR, WA), Canada
(BC) ...............
Sucker, June ............ Chasmistes liorus ... U.S.A. (UT) ..........
Sucker, Lost River ...... Deltistes luxatus ... U.S.A. (CA, OR) ......
Sucker, Modoc ........... Catostomus microps .. U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Sucker, razorback ....... Xyrauchen texanus ... U.S.A. (AZ, CA, CO,
NM, NV, UT, WY),
Mexico..............
Sucker, Santa Ana ....... (Catostomus
santaanae) ........ U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Sucker, Shortnose ....... Chasmistes
brevirostris ...... U.S.A. (CA, OR) ......
Sucker, Warner .......... Catostomus
warnerensis ....... U.S.A. (OR) ..........
Tango, Miyako (Tokyo
bitterling) ........... Tanakia tanago ...... Japan ................
Temoleh, Ikan (minnow) .. Probarbus jullieni .. Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam, Malaysia,
Laos................
Topminnow, Gila (incl.
Yaqui) ................ Poeciliopsis
occidentalis ...... U.S.A. (AZ, NM),
Mexico .............
Totoaba (seatrout or
weakfish) ............. Cynoscion macdonaldi Mexico (Gulf of
California) ........
Trout, Apache (=Arizona) Oncorhynchus
(=Salmo) apache ... U.S.A. (AZ) ..........
Trout, bull ............. Salvelinus
confluentus ....... U.S.A. (AK, Pacific
NW into CA, ID, NV,
MT), Canada (NW
Territories) .......
Trout, Gila ............. Oncorhynchus gilae .. U.S.A. (AZ, NM) ......
Trout, greenback
cutthroat ............. Oncorhynchus
(=Salmo) clarki
stomias............ U.S.A. (CO) ..........
Trout, Lahontan
cutthroat ............. Oncorhynchus
(=Salmo) clarki
henshawi........... U.S.A. (CA, NV, OR,
UT) ................
Trout, Little Kern
golden ................ Oncorhynchus
(=Salmo)
aguabonita whitei.. U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Trout, Paiute cutthroat . Oncorhynchus
(=Salmo) clarki
seleniris.......... ......do .............
Woundfin ................ Plagopterus
argentissimus ..... U.S.A. (AZ, NV, UT),
Mexico .............
CLAMS
Abalone, white .......... Haliotis sorenseni .. North America (West
Coast from Point
Conception, CA,
U.S.A., to Punta
Abreojos, Baja
California, Mexico)
Acornshell, southern .... Epioblasma
othcaloogensis .... U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN) ..
Bankclimber, purple
(mussel) .............. Elliptoideus
sloatianus ........ U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA) ..
Bean, Cumberland
(pearlymussel) ........ Villosa trabalis .... U.S.A. (AL, KY, TN,
VA) ................
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Bean, Purple ............ Villosa perpurpurea . U.S.A. (TN, VA) ......
Blossom, green
(pearlymussel)......... Epioblasma
(=Dysnomia)
torulosa
gubemaculum........ ......do .............
Blossom, tubercled
(pearlymussel) ........ Epioblasma torulosa
torulosa .......... U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN,
KY, TN, WV) ........
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Blossom, turgid
(pearlymussel) ........ Epioblasma turgidula U.S.A. (AL, TN) ......
Do .................... d0508 ............... ......do
......do .............
Blossom, yellow
(pearlymussel) ........ Epioblasma
florentina
florentina ........ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Catspaw, (=purple cat's
paw pearlymussel) ..... Epioblasma .......... U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN,
KY, OH, TN) ........
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Catspaw, white
(pearlymussel)......... Epioblasma
(=Dysnomia)
obliquata
perobliqua......... U.S.A. (IN, MI, OH) ..
Clubshell ............... Pleurobema clava .... U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN,
KY, MI, OH, PA, TN,
WV) ................
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Clubshell, black
(=Curtus' mussel) ..... Pleurobema curtum ... U.S.A. (AL, MS) ......
Clubshell, ovate ........ Pleurobema perovatum U.S.A. (AL,TN,GA,MS) .
Clubshell, southern ..... Pleurobema decisum .. U.S.A. (AL,TN,GA,MS) .
Combshell, Cumberlandian Epioblasma brevidens U.S.A. (AL, KY, MS,
TN, VA) ............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Combshell, southern
(=penitent mussel) .... Epioblasma
(=Dysnomia) penita U.S.A. (AL, MS) ......
Combshell, upland ....... Epioblasma
metastriata ....... U.S.A. (AL,GA,TN) ....
Elktoe, Appalachian ..... Alasmidonta
raveneliana ....... U.S.A. (NC, TN) ......
Elktoe, Cumberland ...... Alasmidonta
atropurpurea ...... U.S.A. (KY, TN) ......
Fanshell ................ Cyprogenia stegaria
(=irrorata) ....... U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN,
KY, OH, PA, TN, VA,
WV) ................
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Fatmucket, Arkansas ..... Lampsilis powelli ... U.S.A. (AR) ..........
Heelsplitter, Alabama
(=inflated) ........... Potamilus inflatus .. U.S.A. (AL, LA, MS) ..
Heelsplitter, Carolina .. Lasmigona decorata .. U.S.A. (NC, SC) ......
Higgins eye
(pearlymussel)......... Lampsilis higginsii . U.S.A. (IA, IL, MN,
MO, NE, WI).........
Kidneyshell, triangular . Ptychobranchus
greenii ........... U.S.A.(AL,GA,TN) .....
Lampmussel, Alabama ..... Lampsilis virescens . U.S.A. (AL, TN) ......
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Lilliput, pale
(pearlymussel)......... Toxolasma
(=Carunculina)
cylindrellus....... U.S.A. (AL, TN) ......
Mapleleaf, winged
(mussel) .............. Quadrula fragosa .... U.S.A. (AL, IA, IL,
IN, KY, MN, MO, NE,
OH, OK, TN, WI) ....
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Moccasinshell, Alabama .. Medionidus
acutissimus ....... U.S.A. (AL,GA,MS) ....
Moccasinshell, Coosa .... Medionidus parvulus . U.S.A. (AL,GA,TN) ....
Moccasinshell, Gulf ..... Medionidus
penicillatus ...... U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA) ..
Moccasinshell,
Ochlockonee ........... Medionidus
simpsonianus ...... U.S.A. (FL, GA) ......
Monkeyface, Appalachian
(pearlymussel) ........ Quadrula sparsa ..... U.S.A. (TN, VA) ......
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Monkeyface, Cumberland
(pearlymussel) ........ Quadrula intermedia . U.S.A. (AL, TN, VA) ..
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Mucket, orange-nacre .... Lampsilis perovalis . U.S.A. (AL,MS) .......
Mucket, pink
(pearlymussel)......... Lampsilis abrupta
(=orbiculata)...... U.S.A. (AL, AR, IL,
IN, KY, LA, MO, OH,
PA, TN, VA, WV).....
Mussel, oyster .......... Epioblasma
capsaeformis ...... U.S.A. (AL, GA, KY,
MS, NC, TN, VA) ....
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Mussel, scaleshell ...... Leptodea leptodon ... U.S.A. (AL, AR, IA,
IL, IN, KY, MN, MO,
OH, OK, SD, TN, WI)
Pearlshell, Louisiana ... Margaritifera
hembeli ........... U.S.A. (LA) ..........
Pearlymussel, birdwing .. Lemiox rimosus ...... U.S.A. (AL, TN, VA) ..
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Pearlymussel, cracking .. Hemistena lata ...... U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN,
KY, OH, TN, VA) ....
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Pearlymussel, Curtis' ... Epioblasma
(=Dysnomia)
florentina
curtisi............ U.S.A. (AR, MO) ......
Pearlymussel, dromedary . Dromus dromas ....... U.S.A. (AL, KY, TN,
VA) ................
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Pearlymussel,
little-wing ........... Pegias fabula ....... U.S.A. (AL, KY, NC,
TN, VA) ............
Pearlymussel, Nicklin's . Megalonaias
nicklineana ....... Mexico ...............
Pearlymussel, Tampico.... Cyrtonaias
tampicoensis
tecomatensis....... Mexico ...............
Pigtoe, Cumberland
(=Cumberland pigtoe
mussel)................ Pleurobema gibberum . U.S.A. (TN) ..........
Pigtoe, dark ............ Pleurobema furvum ... U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Pigtoe, fine-rayed ...... Fusconaia cuneolus .. U.S.A. (AL, TN, VA) ..
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Pigtoe, flat
(=Marshall's mussel) .. Pleurobema marshalli U.S.A. (AL, MS) ......
Pigtoe, heavy (=Judge
Tait's mussel) ........ Pleurobema taitianum do ...................
Pigtoe, oval ............ Pleurobema pyriforme U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA) ..
Pigtoe, rough ........... Pleurobema plenum ... U.S.A. (AL, IN, KY,
PA, TN, VA) ........
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Pigtoe, shiny ........... Fusconaia cor ....... U.S.A. (AL, TN, VA) ..
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Pigtoe, southern ........ Pleurobema
georgianum ........ U.S.A. (AL,GA,TN) ....
Pimpleback, orangefoot
(pearlymussel) ........ Plethobasus
cooperianus ....... U.S.A. (AL, IA, IL,
IN, KY, OH, PA, TN)
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Pink, ring (mussel) ..... Obovaria retusa ..... U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN,
KY, OH, PA, TN, WV)
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Pocketbook, fat ......... Potamilus
(=Proptera) capax . U.S.A. (AR, IA, IL,
IN, KY, MO, MS,
OH).................
Pocketbook, fine-lined .. Lampsilis altilis ... U.S.A. (AL,GA) .......
Pocketbook, Ouachita
(=Wheeler's pearly
mussel) ............... Arkansia (=Arcidens)
wheeleri .......... U.S.A. (AR, OK) ......
Pocketbook, shinyrayed .. Lampsilis
subangulata ....... U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA) ..
Pocketbook, speckled .... Lampsilis streckeri . U.S.A. (AR) ..........
Rabbitsfoot, rough ...... Quadrula cylindrica
strigillata ....... U.S.A. (TN, VA) ......
Riffleshell, northern ... Epioblasma torulosa
rangiana .......... U.S.A. (IL, IN, KY,
MI, OH, PA, WV),
Canada (Ont.).......
Riffleshell, tan ........ Epioblasma walkeri .. U.S.A. (KY, TN, VA) ..
Slabshell, Chipola ...... Elliptio
chipolaensis ...... U.S.A. (AL, FL) ......
Spinymussel, James River
(=Virginia) ........... Pleurobema
=Fusconaia,
=Elliptio,
=Canthyra)
collina............ U.S.A. (VA, WV) ......
Spinymussel, Tar River .. Elliptio (Canthyria)
steinstansana ..... U.S.A. (NC) ..........
Stirrupshell ............ Quadrula stapes ..... U.S.A. (AL, MS) ......
Threeridge, fat (mussel) Amblema neislerii ... U.S.A. (FL, GA) ......
Wartyback, white
(pearlymussel) ........ Plethobasus
cicatricosus ...... U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN,
KY, TN) ............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Wedgemussel, dwarf ...... Alasmidonta
heterodon.......... U.S.A. (CT, DC, DE,
MA, MD, NC, NH, NJ,
NY, PA, VA, VT),
Canada (N.B.).......
SNAILS
Ambersnail, Kanab ....... Oxyloma haydeni
kanabensis ........ U.S.A. (AZ, UT) ......
Campeloma, slender ...... Campeloma decampi ... U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Cavesnail, Tumbling
Creek ................. Antrobia culveri .... U.S.A. (MO) ..........
Elimia, lacy ............ Elimia crenatella ... U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Limpet, Banbury Springs . Lanx sp.............. U.S.A. (ID) ..........
Lioplax, cylindrical .... Lioplax
cyclostomaformis .. U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Marstonia (snail), royal
(=obese) .............. Pyrgulopsis
(=Marstonia)
ogmoraphe ......... U.S.A. (TN) ..........
Pebblesnail, flat ....... Lepyrium showalteri . U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Riversnail, Anthony's ... Athearnia anthonyi .. U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN) ..
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Do .................... ......do ............ ......do .............
Rocksnail, painted ...... Leptoxis taeniata ... U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Rocksnail, plicate ...... Leptoxis plicata .... U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Rocksnail, round ........ Leptoxis ampla ...... U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Shagreen, Magazine
Mountain .............. Mesodon magazinensis U.S.A. (AR) ..........
Snail, armored .......... Pyrgulopsis
(=Marstonia)
pachyta ........... U.S.A. (AL) ..........
Snail, Bliss Rapids ..... Taylorconcha
serpenticola ...... U.S.A. (ID) ..........
Snail, Chittenango ovate
amber ................. Succinea
chittenangoensis .. U.S.A. (NY) ..........
Snail, flat-spired
three-toothed ......... Triodopsis
platysayoides ..... U.S.A. (WV) ..........
Snail, Iowa Pleistocene . Discus macclintocki . U.S.A. (IA, IL) ......
Snail, Manus Island tree Papustyla
pulcherrima ....... Pacific
Ocean--Admiralty
Is. (Manus Is.).....
Snail, Morro
shoulderband (=Banded
dune) ................. Helminthoglypta
walkeriana ........ U.S.A. (CA) ..........
Snail, Newcomb's ........ Erinna newcombi ..... U.S.A. (HI) ..........
Snail, noonday .......... Mesodon clarki
nantahala ......... U.S.A. (NC) ..........
Snail, painted snake
coiled forest ......... Anguispira picta .... U.S.A. (TN) ..........
Snail, Snake River physa Physa natricina ..... U.S.A. (ID) ..........
Snail, Stock Island tree Orthalicus reses
(not incl.
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